Biology II - Animal Respiratory Systems

<p>Trachea (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lamellae (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ceasing of neuronal signals from the respiratory center (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As bicarbonate ion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elevation of the rib cage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increases above atmospheric pressure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stimulates the diaphragm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It rises towards the thoracic cavity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbon dioxide diffuses from blood to alveoli (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is greater than thoracic pressure during expiration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>12 to 20 ventilations per minute (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intercostal muscles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Assist in the expansion and contraction of the rib cage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It increases as the diaphragm contracts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Concentration gradient of gases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It releases oxygen for cell use (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Air is sucked into the lungs due to negative pressure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It decreases, allowing air to flow in (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Air enters the posterior air sacs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Air enters posterior air sacs, then anterior air sacs, and exits (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Into the posterior air sacs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To expel air from the lungs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Immediately after air enters the lungs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inhalation involves air entering the posterior air sacs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Air exits the anterior air sacs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exhalation cannot occur without prior inhalation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acute Bronchitis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pulmonary Fibrosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pulmonary Tuberculosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emphysema (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Asthma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pneumonia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emphysema (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lung Cancer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To facilitate the entry of oxygen into the tracheal system (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Only mammals have lungs that are elaborately subdivided. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is filtered, warmed, and humidified before entering the lungs. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epiglottis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bronchi branch extensively into a network of bronchioles before terminating in alveoli. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Through cartilage rings permanently holding it open (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alveoli (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is saturated with water and at body temperature. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To facilitate gas exchange directly with body cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Birds possess a one-way airflow system in their lungs. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Small openings on the body of insects that allow air to enter their respiratory system.

Tiny air tubes that branch throughout the body of insects, allowing for gas exchange.

The thin, folded structures in fish gills where gas exchange occurs.

The process of gas exchange in fish, where oxygen is taken in and carbon dioxide is released.

The thin, folded structures in the lungs of mammals where gas exchange occurs.

The process of taking air into the lungs.

The process of expelling air from the lungs.

The airway that connects the nose and mouth to the lungs.

The primary organs of respiration, responsible for gas exchange between the body and the environment.

Tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange takes place.

The front part of the lung.

The back part of the lung.

A system of branched tubes that carry oxygen to insect body cells. Oxygen enters through openings called spiracles.

Openings on the surface of an insect's body that allow air to enter the tracheal system.

Fine tubes at the end of insect tracheae, directly contacting body cells for gas exchange.

Specialized air sacs in the tracheal system of some insects, allowing for greater air storage and efficiency.

The process of moving air into and out of the lungs.

A flap of tissue that prevents food from entering the trachea during swallowing.

The main branches of the trachea that enter the right and left lungs.

Tiny air sacs at the end of bronchioles where gas exchange takes place in the lungs.

Inflammation of the airways, often caused by infection or irritants. Symptoms include coughing, mucus production, and sometimes fever.

A chronic lung disease characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways, leading to wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath.

An infection of the lungs where the alveoli fill with pus and fluid, making it difficult for the body to get oxygen.

A serious lung disease caused by bacteria, leading to the formation of tubercles (small, hard nodules) in the lungs. It can cause coughing, fever, weight loss, and fatigue.

A chronic lung disease characterized by the gradual destruction of the alveoli, leading to air trapping and shortness of breath.

A lung disease characterized by the accumulation of fibrous connective tissue in the lungs, making it difficult for the lungs to expand.

An abnormal growth of tissue in the lungs, which can be cancerous or non-cancerous.

The pressure exerted by a specific gas within a mixture of gases.

The movement of gases from an area of higher partial pressure to an area of lower partial pressure.

The process of breathing in and out, bringing fresh air into the lungs and removing waste gases.

The process of gas exchange between the alveoli of the lungs and the blood in the surrounding capillaries.

The process of gas exchange between the blood and the body's tissues.

The molecule that carries oxygen in the blood, found in red blood cells.

The form of hemoglobin that carries oxygen, formed when oxygen binds to hemoglobin.

The form of hemoglobin that carries carbon dioxide, formed when carbon dioxide binds to hemoglobin.

The process of breathing in, where air is drawn into the lungs. This occurs when the diaphragm contracts and flattens, increasing the volume of the chest cavity and creating negative pressure that draws air in.

The process of breathing out, where air is expelled from the lungs. This happens when the diaphragm relaxes and moves upward, decreasing the volume of the chest cavity and pushing air out.

The branching tubes that carry air from the trachea to the alveoli in the lungs. They get smaller as they branch out.

The muscles between the ribs that help expand and contract the chest cavity during breathing. They work with the diaphragm to control airflow.

The dome-shaped muscle that separates the chest cavity from the abdomen. It plays a crucial role in breathing by contracting and flattening to draw air in and relaxing to push air out.

The pressure inside the lungs that changes during breathing. During inspiration, it becomes lower than atmospheric pressure, which helps to draw air into the lungs. During expiration, it becomes higher than atmospheric pressure, which helps to force air out.