Biology: Homeostasis Concept

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What is the main purpose of homeostasis in a living organism?

To maintain a constant body temperature

To respond to external stimuli

To regulate the internal environment for normal cellular activities (correct)

To adapt to changing environmental conditions

What is the internal environment in multicellular organisms like mammals?

Tissue fluid (correct)

Blood plasma

Cerebrospinal fluid

Lymphatic fluid

What is the type of mechanism that achieves homeostasis in biological systems?

Negative feedback mechanism (correct)

Positive feedback mechanism

Open-loop mechanism

Feedforward mechanism

What is the role of the receptor in a homeostatic mechanism?

To detect a change in the internal environment Signup and view all the answers

What is the sequence of events in a homeostatic mechanism?

Input -> Receptor -> Coordinator -> Effector Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of a negative feedback mechanism in biological systems?

A restoration of the internal environment to its original normal level Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the effector in a feedback loop?

To carry out the action that restores the normal set point Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of continuous monitoring of parameters by receptors in a negative feedback mechanism?

Oscillations around a normal set point Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of thermoregulation in endothermic/homoiothermic/warm-blooded animals?

They are able to maintain a fairly constant body temperature Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of a positive feedback mechanism?

A further increase in the deviation from the normal set point Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the sensor in a feedback loop?

To detect a deviation from the normal set point Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the kidneys?

To regulate blood pH and osmoregulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of separating large molecules from small molecules in the glomerulus?

Glomerular ultrafiltration Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the loops of Henle in the kidney?

To regulate water reabsorption Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of water in normal human urine?

95 per cent Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the adrenal gland in times of danger, stress, or cold?

To produce adrenaline and noradrenaline for gluconeogenesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of tubular secretion in the nephron?

To secrete substances like hydrogen ions and potassium ions Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Bowman's capsule in the nephron?

To filter waste products from the blood Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of gluconeogenesis in the liver?

To maintain blood glucose levels Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the vessel that carries deoxygenated blood from the kidney to the posterior vena cava?

Renal vein Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the voluntary controlled release of urine?

Micturition Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the hypothalamus in regulating body temperature?

To control the body's heat gain and loss centres Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the body detects an increase in environmental temperature?

The heat loss centre in the anterior hypothalamus is activated Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of vasodilation in thermoregulation?

To increase blood flow to the skin's surface Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the liver in maintaining blood glucose levels?

To store glycogen and release glucose as needed Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of insulin in regulating blood glucose levels?

To increase glucose uptake in cells Signup and view all the answers

What happens when blood glucose levels fall below normal?

Glucagon secretion is stimulated Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas?

To secrete hormones regulating blood glucose levels Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of shivering in thermoregulation?

To increase heat production through muscle contraction Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the afferent nerves in thermoregulation?

To transmit signals from the skin to the CNS Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the pilo-erector muscles in thermoregulation?

To trap a thicker layer of insulating air Signup and view all the answers