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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the autonomic nervous system?
Which hormone is associated with the Fight or Flight Response and increases heart rate and blood pressure?
What is the purpose of peripheral vasoconstriction during the Fight or Flight Response?
Which system is responsible for initiating the Fight or Flight Response?
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What is the main function of the adrenal cortex during the Fight or Flight Response?
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What is the Tend and Befriend Response characterized by?
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What is the primary function of cortisol during the Fight or Flight Response?
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Who coined the term 'Fight or Flight Response' to describe the body's response to stressors?
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What is the primary focus of Hans Selye's research that led to the concept of General Adaptation Syndrome?
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Which phase of the General Adaptation Syndrome is characterized by increased heart rate, blood pressure, and resource mobilization?
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What is the result of prolonged stress on the body according to the General Adaptation Syndrome?
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What is the primary reason why the body is unable to handle chronic stress?
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What is a potential consequence of chronic stress on the body?
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What is the primary difference between the Alarm Phase and the Resistance Phase of the General Adaptation Syndrome?
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What is the primary consequence of chronic stress on the body, according to the General Adaptation Syndrome?
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What is the relationship between the General Adaptation Syndrome and the body's response to stress?
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What is the primary characteristic of the Exhaustion Phase of the General Adaptation Syndrome?
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What is the primary focus of research on the General Adaptation Syndrome?
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What is the primary function of the body's ability to maintain internal stability in response to environmental changes?
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Which system is responsible for controlling involuntary actions, including the sympathetic nervous system?
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What is the result of the shutdown of non-essential functions during the Fight or Flight Response?
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What is the primary function of the adrenal medulla during the Fight or Flight Response?
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What is the primary function of glucocorticoids during the Fight or Flight Response?
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What is the role of oxytocin in the Tend and Befriend Response?
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What is the primary difference between the Fight or Flight Response and the Tend and Befriend Response?
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What is the result of the body's inability to maintain homeostasis in response to chronic stress?
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Study Notes
Homeostasis and Stress Response
- Homeostasis is the body's ability to maintain internal stability in response to environmental changes.
- Walter Cannon, an American doctor, studied homeostasis and coined the term "Fight or Flight Response" to describe the body's response to stressors.
Fight or Flight Response
- The Fight or Flight Response is a homeostatic response to threats or dangers, preparing the body to either fight or flee.
- This response involves the nervous system and endocrine system.
- The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for initiating the Fight or Flight Response.
- The autonomic nervous system, a branch of the nervous system, controls involuntary actions, including the sympathetic nervous system.
- In the Fight or Flight Response, the body experiences:
- Increased heart rate to pump blood with oxygen and nutrients.
- Increased respirations to intake oxygen and expel carbon dioxide.
- Peripheral vasoconstriction to direct blood to the core and vital organs.
- Shutdown of non-essential functions, such as digestion and immune function.
Endocrine System's Role in Fight or Flight Response
- The endocrine system supplies hormones that support the sympathetic nervous system.
- The adrenal glands, located on top of the kidneys, produce hormones that contribute to the Fight or Flight Response.
- The adrenal medulla produces catecholamine hormones, including epinephrine and norepinephrine, which increase heart rate and blood pressure.
- The adrenal cortex produces glucocorticoids, including cortisol, which redistributes glucose energy and suppresses the immune system.
Tend and Befriend Response
- The Tend and Befriend Response is an alternative response to stress, characterized by affiliative behavior and social support.
- Oxytocin, a hormone associated with pair bonding, moderates the stress response and is involved in the Tend and Befriend Response.
General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)
- Hans Selye's research built upon Cannon's work and led to the concept of the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS).
- GAS describes the body's adaptive response to stress, consisting of three phases:
- Alarm Phase: initial stress response, characterized by increased heart rate, blood pressure, and resource mobilization.
- Resistance Phase: the body attempts to fight or flee, with elevated temperature, blood pressure, and breathing rate, and increased stress hormone production.
- Exhaustion Phase: prolonged stress leads to depleted resources, damage to tissues and muscles, and increased susceptibility to illness.
Consequences of Chronic Stress
- Chronic stress can have damaging effects on the body, including tissue damage, muscle damage, and impaired immunity.
- The body is equipped to handle short-term stress, but prolonged exposure to stress can lead to exhaustion and negative consequences.
Homeostasis and Stress Response
- Homeostasis is the body's ability to maintain internal stability in response to environmental changes.
- Walter Cannon coined the term "Fight or Flight Response" to describe the body's response to stressors.
Fight or Flight Response
- The Fight or Flight Response is a homeostatic response to threats or dangers, preparing the body to either fight or flee.
- This response involves the nervous system and endocrine system.
- The sympathetic nervous system initiates the Fight or Flight Response.
- The autonomic nervous system controls involuntary actions, including the sympathetic nervous system.
- The response causes:
- Increased heart rate to pump blood with oxygen and nutrients.
- Increased respirations to intake oxygen and expel carbon dioxide.
- Peripheral vasoconstriction to direct blood to the core and vital organs.
- Shutdown of non-essential functions, such as digestion and immune function.
Endocrine System's Role in Fight or Flight Response
- The endocrine system supplies hormones that support the sympathetic nervous system.
- The adrenal glands produce hormones that contribute to the Fight or Flight Response.
- The adrenal medulla produces catecholamine hormones, including epinephrine and norepinephrine.
- The adrenal cortex produces glucocorticoids, including cortisol.
- Epinephrine and norepinephrine increase heart rate and blood pressure.
- Cortisol redistributes glucose energy and suppresses the immune system.
Tend and Befriend Response
- The Tend and Befriend Response is an alternative response to stress, characterized by affiliative behavior and social support.
- Oxytocin moderates the stress response and is involved in the Tend and Befriend Response.
General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)
- Hans Selye's research built upon Cannon's work and led to the concept of the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS).
- GAS describes the body's adaptive response to stress, consisting of three phases:
- Alarm Phase: initial stress response, characterized by increased heart rate, blood pressure, and resource mobilization.
- Resistance Phase: the body attempts to fight or flee, with elevated temperature, blood pressure, and breathing rate, and increased stress hormone production.
- Exhaustion Phase: prolonged stress leads to depleted resources, damage to tissues and muscles, and increased susceptibility to illness.
Consequences of Chronic Stress
- Chronic stress can have damaging effects on the body, including tissue damage, muscle damage, and impaired immunity.
- The body is equipped to handle short-term stress, but prolonged exposure to stress can lead to exhaustion and negative consequences.
Homeostasis and Stress Response
- Homeostasis is the body's ability to maintain internal stability in response to environmental changes.
- Walter Cannon coined the term "Fight or Flight Response" to describe the body's response to stressors.
Fight or Flight Response
- The Fight or Flight Response is a homeostatic response to threats or dangers, preparing the body to either fight or flee.
- This response involves the nervous system and endocrine system.
- The sympathetic nervous system initiates the Fight or Flight Response.
- The autonomic nervous system controls involuntary actions, including the sympathetic nervous system.
- The response causes:
- Increased heart rate to pump blood with oxygen and nutrients.
- Increased respirations to intake oxygen and expel carbon dioxide.
- Peripheral vasoconstriction to direct blood to the core and vital organs.
- Shutdown of non-essential functions, such as digestion and immune function.
Endocrine System's Role in Fight or Flight Response
- The endocrine system supplies hormones that support the sympathetic nervous system.
- The adrenal glands produce hormones that contribute to the Fight or Flight Response.
- The adrenal medulla produces catecholamine hormones, including epinephrine and norepinephrine.
- The adrenal cortex produces glucocorticoids, including cortisol.
- Epinephrine and norepinephrine increase heart rate and blood pressure.
- Cortisol redistributes glucose energy and suppresses the immune system.
Tend and Befriend Response
- The Tend and Befriend Response is an alternative response to stress, characterized by affiliative behavior and social support.
- Oxytocin moderates the stress response and is involved in the Tend and Befriend Response.
General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)
- Hans Selye's research built upon Cannon's work and led to the concept of the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS).
- GAS describes the body's adaptive response to stress, consisting of three phases:
- Alarm Phase: initial stress response, characterized by increased heart rate, blood pressure, and resource mobilization.
- Resistance Phase: the body attempts to fight or flee, with elevated temperature, blood pressure, and breathing rate, and increased stress hormone production.
- Exhaustion Phase: prolonged stress leads to depleted resources, damage to tissues and muscles, and increased susceptibility to illness.
Consequences of Chronic Stress
- Chronic stress can have damaging effects on the body, including tissue damage, muscle damage, and impaired immunity.
- The body is equipped to handle short-term stress, but prolonged exposure to stress can lead to exhaustion and negative consequences.
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Description
Learn about homeostasis, the body's ability to maintain internal stability, and the Fight or Flight Response, a homeostatic response to threats or dangers.
