Physio Exam 1

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Questions and Answers

What is homeostasis?

The ability of the body to maintain a relatively constant internal environment despite external changes (correct)

The ability of the body toadjust its internal environment to match the external environment

The ability of the body to respond quickly to external stimuli

The ability of the body to change its internal environment in response to external changes

What is the goal of homeostasis?

To maintain equilibrium around a set point (correct)

To adjust the internal environment to match the external environment

To respond quickly to external stimuli

To maintain a constant internal environment

What is the term for a change in the internal or external environment that is detected by a receptor?

Homeostasis

Equilibrium

Response

Stimulus (correct)

What is the role of the nervous system in maintaining homeostasis?

To respond quickly to stimuli using action potentials and neurotransmitters Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the endocrine system in maintaining homeostasis?

To respond slowly to stimuli by secreting hormones into the circulatory system Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure that connects the nervous and endocrine systems?

Hypothalamus Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a mechanism that restores homeostasis?

Feedback loop Signup and view all the answers

What type of feedback loop occurs when a response to a stimulus reverses the direction of the stimulus?

Negative feedback loop Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the receptor in homeostatic regulation?

To receive and process information from the environment Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range of internal body temperature in a healthy individual?

98-100 degrees Fahrenheit Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the circulatory system?

To transport oxygen, nutrients, and waste products Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between negative and positive feedback mechanisms?

Negative feedback reverses the original stimulus, while positive feedback enhances it Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the skeletal system?

To support and protect vital organs, and allow movement Signup and view all the answers

Which tissue type is responsible for detecting internal and external stimuli?

Nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the endocrine system?

To influence growth, development, and metabolism Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the integumentary system?

To act as a barrier against infection, injury, and UV radiation Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Homeostasis

Maintains relatively constant conditions in the internal environment despite changes in the external environment
Also known as dynamic equilibrium
Goal is to maintain equilibrium around a set point, with normal fluctuations

Receptors and Response

A change in the internal or external environment is called a stimulus, detected by a receptor
Response is to adjust the deviation parameter towards the set point

Nervous and Endocrine Systems

Two systems that maintain homeostasis
Nervous system responds quickly to stimuli using action potentials and neurotransmitters
Endocrine system responds to stimulation by secreting hormones into the circulatory system
Responses to endocrine system stimulation are typically slow or long-lasting

Hypothalamus

Brain structure that connects the Nervous and Endocrine Systems
Controls an astonishing amount of behavior

Feedback Loops

Mechanisms that restore homeostasis
Positive feedback loop: original stimulus is intensified or reinforced
Negative feedback loop: response opposes the initial change and drives the variable back towards the set point

Homeostatic Regulation

Has three parts: receptor, control center, and effector
Receptor: sensor sensitive to a particular environmental change or stimulus
Control center: receives and processes information supplied by the receptor
Effector: cell or organ that responds to the commands of the control center

Thermal Regulation

Process that allows the body to maintain its core internal temperature
Mechanisms designed to return the body to homeostasis
Healthy internal body temperature: 98-100°F
Extremes of body temperature can affect the body's ability to function

Body Systems

Circulatory: transports oxygen, nutrients, and wastes, helps regulate body temperature
Digestive: breaks down and absorbs nutrients, eliminates waste
Endocrine: influences growth, development, and metabolism, maintains homeostasis
Excretory: eliminates waste products, helps maintain homeostasis
Immune: protects against disease, stores and generates white blood cells
Integumentary: acts as a barrier, helps regulate body temperature
Muscular: produces voluntary and involuntary movement, helps circulate blood and move food through digestive system
Nervous: regulates body's response to changes in internal and external environment, processes information
Reproductive: produces reproductive cells, provides environment for embryo
Respiratory: brings oxygen for cells, expels CO2 and water vapor
Skeletal: supports and protects vital organs, allows movement, stores minerals

Tissue Types

Epithelial: covers the body, lines body cavities, forms glands
Connective: provides protection, support, immunity, and energy storage
Muscle: allows for body movement, heat generation, and movement of material within the body
Nerve: detects internal and external stimuli, allowing the body to respond via electrical impulses