Biology: Hindbrain, Midbrain, Forebrain Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is the hindbrain?

The most caudal division which includes the cerebellum, pons, and medulla; responsible for involuntary processes: blood pressure, body temperature, heart rate, breathing, sleep cycles.

What is the midbrain?

The middle division of the brain lying between the hindbrain and forebrain responsible for hearing and sight; includes parts of the temporal lobe, occipital lobe, and most of the parietal lobe.

What is the forebrain?

The top of the brain which includes the thalamus, hypothalamus, and cerebral cortex; responsible for emotional regulation, complex thought, and memory aspect of personality.

What is the brainstem?

<p>The lower third of the brain including the hindbrain and midbrain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the medulla?

<p>The lower or hindmost part of the brain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is metencephalon?

<p>Cerebellum and pons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are nuclei?

<p>Collections of nerve cell bodies in the central nervous system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the reticular formation?

<p>A brain structure that regulates sleep, wakefulness, and levels of arousal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the pons?

<p>A structure located in the metencephalon between the medulla and midbrain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cerebellum?

<p>The 'little brain' attached to the rear of the brainstem; it helps coordinate voluntary movement and balance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the cochlear nucleus control?

<p>Sound from the inner ear.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the vestibular nucleus do?

<p>A group of cell bodies in the pons that receive input about the location and movement of the head.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are raphe nuclei involved in?

<p>They participate in the regulation of sleep and arousal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the locus coeruleus?

<p>A structure in the pons that participates in arousal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mesencephalon?

<p>The middle portion of the brain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the tectum?

<p>The roof of the midbrain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the tegmentum?

<p>The covering or ventral part of the midbrain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cerebral aqueduct?

<p>A small canal connecting the third and fourth ventricles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the periaqueductal gray?

<p>Gray matter surrounding the cerebral aqueduct that helps process information regarding pain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the red nucleus?

<p>A structure located within the reticular formation that communicates motor information between the spinal cord and cerebellum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the substantia nigra?

<p>A pair of tegmental sensorimotor nuclei involved in movement control.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are superior colliculi?

<p>Bumps on the dorsal surface that coordinate visually guided movements and visual reflexes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are inferior colliculi?

<p>Bumps on the dorsal surface that process auditory information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Hindbrain

  • Caudal division of the brain comprising cerebellum, pons, and medulla.
  • Controls involuntary processes: blood pressure, body temperature, heart rate, breathing, and sleep cycles.

Midbrain

  • Central division of the brain positioned between hindbrain and forebrain.
  • Involved in processing hearing and sight; location where pain is registered.
  • Comprises temporal lobe, occipital lobe, and most of the parietal lobe.

Forebrain

  • Uppermost part of the brain, includes thalamus, hypothalamus, and cerebral cortex.
  • Responsible for emotional regulation, complex thought processes, and memory related to personality.

Brainstem

  • Lower third of the brain, includes both hindbrain and midbrain.

Medulla

  • Lower part of the brain responsible for vital functions.

Metencephalon

  • Encompasses the cerebellum and pons.

Nuclei

  • Collections of nerve cell bodies located in the central nervous system.

Reticular Formation

  • Brain structure that regulates sleep, wakefulness, and arousal levels.

Pons

  • Structure located in the metencephalon, situated between the medulla and midbrain.

Cerebellum

  • Known as the "little brain," located at the rear of the brainstem.
  • Coordinates voluntary movement, balance, muscle tone, and some types of learning.

Cochlear Nucleus

  • Controls sound processing from the inner ear.

Vestibular Nucleus

  • Group of cell bodies in the pons that receive sensory input regarding the head's location and movement.

Raphe Nuclei

  • Nuclei in the pons involved in regulating sleep and arousal.

Locus Coeruleus

  • Structure in the pons that plays a role in arousal.

Mesencephalon

  • Middle portion of the brain.

Tectum

  • Roof structure of the midbrain.

Tegmentum

  • Ventral covering of the midbrain.

Cerebral Aqueduct

  • Small canal connecting the third and fourth ventricles of the brain.

Periaqueductal Gray

  • Gray matter surrounding the cerebral aqueduct, processes pain information, and generates coping behaviors in response to pain.

Red Nucleus

  • Structure within the reticular formation that communicates motor information between the spinal cord and cerebellum.

Substantia Nigra

  • Pair of tegmental sensorimotor nuclei with dark-pigmented neurons, involved in movement regulation.

Superior Colliculi

  • Pair of bumps on the dorsal surface coordinating visually guided movements and visual reflexes.

Inferior Colliculi

  • Pair of bumps on the dorsal surface that process auditory information.

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Test your knowledge of the brain's anatomy with these flashcards focused on the hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain. Learn important definitions and functions associated with each part of the brain. Ideal for students preparing for biology exams.

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