Biology: Gram Positive and Gram Negative Bacteria
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Questions and Answers

What is a characteristic of the cell walls of Bacteria?

  • They are absent in all species
  • They are composed of lipopolysaccharides
  • They lack peptidoglycan
  • They contain a protein–carbohydrate complex called peptidoglycan (correct)

    • Which domain of organisms lacks peptidoglycan in their cell walls?

  • Bacteria
  • Archaea (correct)
  • Eukarya
  • All of the above

    • What is a function of the peptidoglycan layer in bacterial cell walls?

  • To synthesize proteins
  • To regulate cell growth
  • To facilitate cell division
  • To provide structural support (correct)

    • Which of the following is a characteristic of Gram-negative cell walls?

    <p>Outer membrane containing lipopolysaccharides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a difference between bacterial and eukaryotic cell membranes?

    <p>Bacterial cells lack sterols and carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic that distinguishes eukaryotic from prokaryotic cells?

    <p>Presence of membrane-bound organelles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the cell wall in prokaryotes?

    <p>To prevent damage to the underlying protoplast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the carbohydrate 'backbone' of the peptidoglycan layer?

    <p>Glycan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the cell envelope?

    <p>Ribosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the total dry weight of the cell does the cell wall constitute?

    <p>20%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the layer composed of a cross-linked polymeric mesh?

    <p>Murein layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outermost layer of the cell envelope, if present?

    <p>Capsule or glycocalyx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the peptidoglycan layer in Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria?

    <p>The peptidoglycan layer is thicker in Gram positive bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of lipopolysaccharide in Gram negative bacteria?

    <p>It acts as a major constituent of the outer leaflet of the outer membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the Gram negative cell wall?

    <p>It has a thin peptidoglycan layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of teichoic acid in Gram positive bacteria?

    <p>It is covalently linked to the peptidoglycan layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid?

    <p>Teichoic acid is integrated into the peptidoglycan layer, while lipoteichoic acid is integrated into the cytoplasmic membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of the Gram negative cell wall?

    <p>Two membranes separated by a periplasmic space with a thin peptidoglycan layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

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