Biology: Genetic Code and Protein Synthesis

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Which of the following statements is true regarding the genetic code?

Three nucleotides are required to determine a specific amino acid. (correct)

DNA sequences do not impact the mRNA produced.

All amino acids are represented by the same nucleotide sequence.

Each amino acid corresponds to a single nucleotide sequence.

What amino acids are specified by the DNA sequence CAAGGATAT?

Valine, Isoleucine, and Proline (correct)

Valine, Isoleucine, and Methionine

Histidine, Glutamine, and Glutamic Acid

Glycine, Serine, and Threonine

In the context of protein synthesis, what role do RNA molecules play?

They solely encode the genetic information.

They are responsible for folding proteins into their functional shapes.

They convert DNA directly into amino acids.

They transport the genetic code from DNA to ribosomes. (correct)

Which nucleotide sequence corresponds to the amino acid Histidine?

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What is the relationship between nucleotides and amino acids?

Three nucleotides correspond to one specific amino acid. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the role of nucleotides in the formation of nucleic acids?

Nucleotides are the building blocks that make up nucleic acids. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes deoxyribose from ribose in terms of structure?

Deoxyribose has one less oxygen atom than ribose. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of nucleic acids, what is the primary function of mRNA?

To carry genetic information from the nucleus to the ribosome. Signup and view all the answers

Which term best describes the experiment conducted by Griffith that contributed to the discovery of DNA?

The transformation principle. Signup and view all the answers

What role does uracil play in nucleic acids?

It replaces thymine in RNA molecules. Signup and view all the answers

What significance does Rosalind Franklin have in the study of DNA?

She discovered the double helix structure based on her x-ray diffraction images. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately reflects the base-pairing rules for DNA?

Adenine pairs with Thymine, Cytosine pairs with Guanine Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the structure of RNA compared to DNA?

RNA is single-stranded while DNA is double-stranded Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of DNA within a eukaryotic cell?

To store and transmit genetic information Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly identifies the sugars used in DNA and RNA?

DNA contains deoxyribose; RNA contains ribose Signup and view all the answers

Where is DNA located in a eukaryotic cell?

In the nucleus Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines a point mutation?

A mutation that occurs at a single nucleotide position Signup and view all the answers

What role does rRNA play in protein synthesis?

It acts as a structural component of ribosomes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements correctly identifies the differences between DNA and RNA?

DNA is more stable than RNA due to its double-stranded structure Signup and view all the answers

Which nitrogenous base is found in RNA but not in DNA?

Uracil Signup and view all the answers

In what primary cellular process is RNA involved?

Protein synthesis Signup and view all the answers