Questions and Answers
Select the reasons why fungi are no longer classified as plants. (Select all that apply)
Symbiosis is defined as a ________ relationship between 2 different species.
win-win
An organism which lives directly on or in another organism without providing any benefits to its host is called a what?
parasite
Fungi are classified as saprophytes when they exhibit which characteristic?
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Multicellular fungi are composed of thread-like structures called ________.
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How do rhizoids help fungi to obtain food?
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Without spores, fungi could not ________.
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Fungi are grouped into club fungi or sac fungi according to what?
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Select the phyla of fungi you will be studying in this section. (Select all that apply)
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What are the common organisms which are part of the phylum Ascomycota? (Select all that apply)
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The name of the fruiting body for all sac fungi is ________.
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Morels are commonly found growing on damp forest floors.
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The process of budding can be defined as ________.
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The breaking down of complex molecules into simpler molecules which cells can use for food is called ________.
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Saccharomyces cerevisiae is important to the food industry in what way?
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The wide-spread destruction of elm trees in the US was caused by ________.
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Penicillium chrysogenum is considered important because it is the first ________ discovered.
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Most species of the kingdom Zygomycota are called ________.
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When hyphae from 2 fungi come in contact, a structure called a ________ forms.
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Which of the following best describes the structure of sporangiophore?
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This term refers to the structure in which spores are produced.
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Long hyphae that act as anchors to a surface are called what?
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Ascomycota is known as ________.
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Ascus is the ________ of fungi of the kingdom Ascomycota.
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Basidiomycota is commonly known as ________.
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Budding is defined as ________.
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The cap of a mushroom is defined as ________.
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Chitin is the main molecular component of the ________ of fungi.
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Chytridiomycota are characterized by ________.
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Club fungi are commonly called ________.
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Fermentation refers to ________.
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Fruiting bodies are defined as ________.
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Gills of mushrooms are ________.
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The term host refers to ________.
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A hypha is defined as ________.
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Lichens are ________.
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Morels are multicellular species of the phylum ________.
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Mycelium is defined as ________.
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A parasite is an organism that grows, feeds, and is sheltered on or in an organism while ________.
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The term phylum refers to ________.
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Rhizoids are mycelia responsible for ________.
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A ring in a mushroom is a structure found around the stalk, which is left over from a ________.
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Sac fungi are commonly known as the species of the phylum ________.
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A saprophyte is defined as ________.
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Sporangiophores are stalk-like structures of mycelia which support the ________.
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A sporangium is a ________ which holds the spores.
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Spores are defined as ________.
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A stalk is defined as ________.
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A stolon is defined as ________.
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Symbiosis is defined as ________.
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Yeast refers to ________.
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Zygomycota is the phylum of fungi commonly known as ________.
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Zygosporangium is a structure formed where two ________ of mold contact each other.
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A zygospore is a reproductive cell containing ________.
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Study Notes
Fungi Classification and Characteristics
- Fungi do not have tissue differentiation and cannot produce their own food.
- Cell walls of fungi are made of chitin, distinguishing them from plants.
- Fungi exhibit saprophytic behavior by obtaining nutrients from non-living organic materials.
Symbiosis and Parasitism
- Symbiosis is a mutually beneficial relationship between two different species.
- Parasites live on or in a host organism without providing any benefits in return.
Fungal Structures and Reproduction
- Multicellular fungi consist of thread-like structures called hyphae.
- Rhizoids produce enzymes that break down organic molecules to help fungi obtain food.
- Fungi reproduce using spores, essential for their reproductive cycle.
- Zygosporangium forms when hyphae from two fungi contact, leading to the creation of a zygospore, which contains genetic material from both parents.
Major Fungal Phyla
- Fungi are divided into phyla based on their reproductive structures:
- Chytridiomycota: Aquatic fungi with flagellated reproductive cells.
- Zygomycota: Terrestrial saprophytes commonly known as molds.
- Ascomycota: Known as sac fungi; includes yeasts and morels, characterized by sac-shaped fruiting bodies called asci.
- Basidiomycota: Known as club fungi; includes mushrooms with prominent caps.
Notable Fungal Species and Receptors
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae is significant in the food industry for causing bread to rise.
- Ceratocystis ulmi or Ophiostoma ulmi causes Dutch Elm disease, leading to widespread elm destruction.
- Penicillin chrysogenum is the first discovered antibiotic.
Key Fungal Terms and Definitions
- Mycelium: Mass of hyphae forming visible structures in fungi.
- Stolon: Long hyphae acting as anchors for fungi.
- Sporangium: Structure in which spores are produced, supported by sporangiophores.
- Fruiting bodies: Reproductive structures producing spores; includes gills on mushrooms.
- Lichens: Symbiotic associations between fungi and algae or cyanobacteria.
- Budding: A method of asexual reproduction where a new organism develops from a portion of the parent cell.
General Knowledge on Mold and Fungal Growth
- Hyphae are the fundamental thread-like filaments of molds.
- Spores are reproductive cells with protective coatings, capable of developing into new organisms.
- Stalks support the cap and gills of mushrooms, while rings indicate previous protective structures during development.
Symbiosis and Ecology
- Fungi and algae form lichens in a symbiotic relationship that benefits both organisms.
- Saprophytes play a critical role in decomposing organic matter, recycling nutrients in ecosystems.
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Description
Explore the fascinating world of fungi with these flashcards. Learn why fungi are classified separately from plants and understand key concepts like symbiosis and parasitism. Perfect for biology students looking to enhance their knowledge about this unique kingdom.