Biology Fungi Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

Select the reasons why fungi are no longer classified as plants. (Select all that apply)

  • Fungi perform photosynthesis.
  • Fungi cell walls are composed of chitin. (correct)
  • Fungi do not exhibit tissue differentiation. (correct)
  • Fungi do not produce their own food. (correct)

    • Symbiosis is defined as a ________ relationship between 2 different species.

    win-win

    An organism which lives directly on or in another organism without providing any benefits to its host is called a what?

    parasite

    Fungi are classified as saprophytes when they exhibit which characteristic?

    <p>obtain food from non-living organic material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Multicellular fungi are composed of thread-like structures called ________.

    <p>hyphae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do rhizoids help fungi to obtain food?

    <p>They produce enzymes which break down organic molecules into a usable form.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Without spores, fungi could not ________.

    <p>reproduce</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fungi are grouped into club fungi or sac fungi according to what?

    <p>the shape of their spore-producing structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Select the phyla of fungi you will be studying in this section. (Select all that apply)

    <p>Chytridiomycota</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the common organisms which are part of the phylum Ascomycota? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Yeast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The name of the fruiting body for all sac fungi is ________.

    <p>ascus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Morels are commonly found growing on damp forest floors.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process of budding can be defined as ________.

    <p>the reproduction of new organisms by pinching off a portion of the parent cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The breaking down of complex molecules into simpler molecules which cells can use for food is called ________.

    <p>fermentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Saccharomyces cerevisiae is important to the food industry in what way?

    <p>it causes bread to rise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The wide-spread destruction of elm trees in the US was caused by ________.

    <p>Ceratocystis ulmi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Penicillium chrysogenum is considered important because it is the first ________ discovered.

    <p>antibiotic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Most species of the kingdom Zygomycota are called ________.

    <p>terrestrial saprophytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When hyphae from 2 fungi come in contact, a structure called a ________ forms.

    <p>zygosporangium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the structure of sporangiophore?

    <p>Tiny stalk-like structures which support the sporangium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    This term refers to the structure in which spores are produced.

    <p>sporangium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Long hyphae that act as anchors to a surface are called what?

    <p>stolon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ascomycota is known as ________.

    <p>sac fungi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ascus is the ________ of fungi of the kingdom Ascomycota.

    <p>spore-bearing structure or fruiting body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Basidiomycota is commonly known as ________.

    <p>club fungi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Budding is defined as ________.

    <p>asexual reproduction by pinching off a portion of the parent cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The cap of a mushroom is defined as ________.

    <p>the umbrella-shaped top of a mushroom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chitin is the main molecular component of the ________ of fungi.

    <p>cell wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chytridiomycota are characterized by ________.

    <p>flagellated reproductive cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Club fungi are commonly called ________.

    <p>basidiomycetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fermentation refers to ________.

    <p>the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones by a living organism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fruiting bodies are defined as ________.

    <p>spore-producing reproductive structures of fungi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Gills of mushrooms are ________.

    <p>spore-producing reproductive structures typically found on the underside of the cap</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The term host refers to ________.

    <p>organism in or on which a parasite lives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A hypha is defined as ________.

    <p>a thread-like filament of the molds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lichens are ________.

    <p>symbiotic structures between a fungi and an alga or a fungi and a cyanobacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Morels are multicellular species of the phylum ________.

    <p>Ascomycota</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mycelium is defined as ________.

    <p>a mass of hyphae which form a visible structure and perform a specific function in a fungus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A parasite is an organism that grows, feeds, and is sheltered on or in an organism while ________.

    <p>contributing nothing to the survival of its host</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The term phylum refers to ________.

    <p>a level of taxon below kingdom, also called division in the plant and plant-like kingdoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Rhizoids are mycelia responsible for ________.

    <p>obtaining food from the non-living organic matter on which a fungus is growing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A ring in a mushroom is a structure found around the stalk, which is left over from a ________.

    <p>protective covering that was present when the mushroom was first developing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sac fungi are commonly known as the species of the phylum ________.

    <p>Ascomycota</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A saprophyte is defined as ________.

    <p>a plant that lives on decaying organic matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sporangiophores are stalk-like structures of mycelia which support the ________.

    <p>sporangium of species of the phylum Zygomycota</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A sporangium is a ________ which holds the spores.

    <p>sac-like structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Spores are defined as ________.

    <p>reproductive cells often covered with a protective coating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A stalk is defined as ________.

    <p>stem-like structures of a mushroom which supports the cap and gills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A stolon is defined as ________.

    <p>mycelia of species of the phylum Zygomycota which act as anchors and connect the sporangiophores of a mold structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Symbiosis is defined as ________.

    <p>mutually beneficial relationship between two species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Yeast refers to ________.

    <p>various unicellular fungi that are capable of reproducing by budding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Zygomycota is the phylum of fungi commonly known as ________.

    <p>mold</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Zygosporangium is a structure formed where two ________ of mold contact each other.

    <p>hyphae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A zygospore is a reproductive cell containing ________.

    <p>genetic material from each parent organism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Fungi Classification and Characteristics

    • Fungi do not have tissue differentiation and cannot produce their own food.
    • Cell walls of fungi are made of chitin, distinguishing them from plants.
    • Fungi exhibit saprophytic behavior by obtaining nutrients from non-living organic materials.

    Symbiosis and Parasitism

    • Symbiosis is a mutually beneficial relationship between two different species.
    • Parasites live on or in a host organism without providing any benefits in return.

    Fungal Structures and Reproduction

    • Multicellular fungi consist of thread-like structures called hyphae.
    • Rhizoids produce enzymes that break down organic molecules to help fungi obtain food.
    • Fungi reproduce using spores, essential for their reproductive cycle.
    • Zygosporangium forms when hyphae from two fungi contact, leading to the creation of a zygospore, which contains genetic material from both parents.

    Major Fungal Phyla

    • Fungi are divided into phyla based on their reproductive structures:
      • Chytridiomycota: Aquatic fungi with flagellated reproductive cells.
      • Zygomycota: Terrestrial saprophytes commonly known as molds.
      • Ascomycota: Known as sac fungi; includes yeasts and morels, characterized by sac-shaped fruiting bodies called asci.
      • Basidiomycota: Known as club fungi; includes mushrooms with prominent caps.

    Notable Fungal Species and Receptors

    • Saccharomyces cerevisiae is significant in the food industry for causing bread to rise.
    • Ceratocystis ulmi or Ophiostoma ulmi causes Dutch Elm disease, leading to widespread elm destruction.
    • Penicillin chrysogenum is the first discovered antibiotic.

    Key Fungal Terms and Definitions

    • Mycelium: Mass of hyphae forming visible structures in fungi.
    • Stolon: Long hyphae acting as anchors for fungi.
    • Sporangium: Structure in which spores are produced, supported by sporangiophores.
    • Fruiting bodies: Reproductive structures producing spores; includes gills on mushrooms.
    • Lichens: Symbiotic associations between fungi and algae or cyanobacteria.
    • Budding: A method of asexual reproduction where a new organism develops from a portion of the parent cell.

    General Knowledge on Mold and Fungal Growth

    • Hyphae are the fundamental thread-like filaments of molds.
    • Spores are reproductive cells with protective coatings, capable of developing into new organisms.
    • Stalks support the cap and gills of mushrooms, while rings indicate previous protective structures during development.

    Symbiosis and Ecology

    • Fungi and algae form lichens in a symbiotic relationship that benefits both organisms.
    • Saprophytes play a critical role in decomposing organic matter, recycling nutrients in ecosystems.

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    Description

    Explore the fascinating world of fungi with these flashcards. Learn why fungi are classified separately from plants and understand key concepts like symbiosis and parasitism. Perfect for biology students looking to enhance their knowledge about this unique kingdom.

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