Biology Fundamentals

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What is the basis of metabolism in every life form?

Glycolysis

Fermentation

Carboxylic acids of TCA cycle (correct)

Citric acid cycle

What is the primary function of ATP in the cell?

Catalysing reactions

Storing genetic information

Directing protein construction

Supplying energy (correct)

What is the primary function of nucleic acids in the cell?

Storing and manipulating information (correct)

Supplying energy

Catalysing reactions

Directing protein construction

What is the primary function of ribosomes in the cell?

Directing protein construction using nucleic acids Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of membranes in the cell?

Compartmentalizing the cell Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary basis for categorizing organisms into different groups?

Genetic code and common ancestors Signup and view all the answers

What is the acronym LUCA an abbreviation for?

Last Universal Common Ancestor Signup and view all the answers

What type of evidence does not support the concept of common descent?

Ecological Signup and view all the answers

In a phylogenetic tree, what does the root represent?

The last common ancestor of everything in the phylogeny Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of short branch lengths in a phylogenetic tree?

They indicate a short evolutionary time period Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the vast majority of genes?

They are members of gene families Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of cancer that can affect its response to treatment?

Its high degree of genetic diversity Signup and view all the answers

Which group of organisms is most closely related to eukaryotes on the Tree of Life?

Archaea Signup and view all the answers

What is the common characteristic among organisms that belong to the same species?

They are an interbreeding population Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following categories is most inclusive in the classification of organisms?

Domain Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the branching structure in the classification of organisms?

It shows the recent common ancestors among similar organisms Signup and view all the answers

What is the basis of the Linnaeus' system of classification?

Anatomy and physiology Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the genus category in the classification of organisms?

It includes species that are similar to each other Signup and view all the answers

What is the common characteristic among organisms that belong to the same family?

They share similar anatomy and physiology Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary implication of the vast majority of genes being members of gene families?

Genes have evolved through descent with modification Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the root in a phylogenetic tree?

It represents the last common ancestor of everything in the phylogeny Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the diversity of cancer cells?

Cancer cells have a long time to progress before medical help is sought Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the archaea group and eukaryotes on the Tree of Life?

Archaea are more closely related to eukaryotes than bacteria Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary implication of short branch lengths in a phylogenetic tree?

The evolutionary time period was short Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary implication of LUCA living long after the origin of life?

The origin of life is a long time ago Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary axis of the phylogenetic tree?

Root to tip axis represents time or evolutionary change Signup and view all the answers