Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the cell membrane?
Where does protein synthesis occur in a cell?
What is the primary function of the nucleus?
What is the molecule that contains genetic information?
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What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus?
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What are the thread-like structures that carry genetic information?
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What is the minimum number of copies of a recessive allele required for a recessive trait to be expressed?
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What is the primary function of the respiratory system?
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What is the term for the formation of new species through geographic isolation, mutation, or genetic drift?
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What is the term for the chronological record of the history of life on Earth?
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What is the term for the study of similarities and differences in body structures among different species?
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What is the term for the community of living and non-living components interacting in a specific environment?
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Study Notes
Cell Structure
- Cell Membrane: Semi-permeable membrane that regulates what enters and leaves the cell
- Cytoplasm: Jelly-like substance inside the cell membrane where metabolic processes occur
- Nucleus: Controls cell growth and reproduction, contains DNA
- Mitochondria: Generates energy for the cell through cellular respiration
- Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): Network of membranous tubules and cisternae involved in protein synthesis and transport
- Ribosomes: Site of protein synthesis
- Lysosomes: Contains digestive enzymes that break down and recycle cellular waste and foreign substances
- Golgi Apparatus: Modifies and packages proteins and lipids for transport out of the cell
Genetics
- DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid): Molecule that contains genetic information
- Chromosomes: Thread-like structures made of DNA and proteins that carry genetic information
- Genes: Segments of DNA that code for specific traits
- Traits: Characteristics inherited from parents, such as eye color, hair color, etc.
- Dominant and Recessive Traits: Dominant traits will be expressed if an individual has one copy of the dominant allele, while recessive traits will be expressed if an individual has two copies of the recessive allele
- Punnett Squares: Graphic representation of possible genotypes and phenotypes of offspring based on parental genotypes
Evolution
- Natural Selection: Process by which individuals with favorable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing those traits to their offspring
- Speciation: Formation of new species through geographic isolation, mutation, or genetic drift
- Fossil Record: Chronological record of the history of life on Earth, providing evidence of evolution
- Comparative Anatomy: Study of similarities and differences in body structures among different species, providing evidence of common ancestry
- Homologous Structures: Body parts that have a common origin but may have different functions, such as forelimbs in vertebrates
Ecosystems
- Ecosystem: Community of living and non-living components interacting in a specific environment
- Producers: Organisms that produce their own food through photosynthesis (plants, algae)
- Consumers: Organisms that obtain energy by consuming other organisms (herbivores, carnivores, omnivores)
- Decomposers: Organisms that break down dead organic matter (bacteria, fungi)
- Food Chains: Linear sequence of organisms that eat other organisms, with energy flowing from one level to the next
- Food Webs: Complex networks of food chains that show the interconnectedness of ecosystems
Human Body Systems
- Nervous System: Controls and coordinates body functions, interprets and responds to stimuli
- Circulatory System: Transports oxygen and nutrients to cells and removes waste products
- Respiratory System: Brings oxygen into the body and removes carbon dioxide
- Digestive System: Breaks down food into nutrients that can be absorbed and utilized by the body
- Immune System: Protects the body against pathogens and other foreign substances
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Description
Test your knowledge of biology basics, including cell structure, genetics, evolution, ecosystems, and human body systems. This quiz covers key concepts and terms in biology, from cell membranes to food webs.
