Biology Fundamentals

Biology

Definition: The study of living organisms, including their structure, function, growth, evolution, distribution, and taxonomy.

Subfields:

• Botany: The study of plants and their interactions with the environment.
• Zoology: The study of animals and their interactions with the environment.
• Microbiology: The study of microorganisms, such as bacteria and viruses.
• Ecology: The study of the relationships between organisms and their environment.
• Genetics: The study of heredity, genes, and genetic variation.

Key Concepts:

• Cells: The basic units of life, consisting of a cell membrane, cytoplasm, and genetic material.
• DNA: The molecule that contains the genetic instructions for an organism.
• Evolution: The process of change in the characteristics of a population over time.
• Ecosystems: Communities of living and non-living things that interact with each other.
• Homeostasis: The ability of an organism to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in the external environment.

Biological Processes:

• Photosynthesis: The process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy.
• Respiration: The process by which cells generate energy from glucose.
• Metabolism: The set of chemical reactions that occur within an organism to maintain life.
• Growth and Development: The process of growth and change in an organism from birth to maturity.

Biological Systems:

• Nervous System: The system that transmits and processes information in an organism.
• Circulatory System: The system that transports oxygen and nutrients to cells and removes waste products.
• Immune System: The system that protects an organism from pathogens and disease.
• Digestive System: The system that breaks down and absorbs nutrients from food.

Biology

• Study of living organisms, including their structure, function, growth, evolution, distribution, and taxonomy.

Subfields

• Botany: study of plants and their interactions with the environment.
• Zoology: study of animals and their interactions with the environment.
• Microbiology: study of microorganisms, such as bacteria and viruses.
• Ecology: study of the relationships between organisms and their environment.
• Genetics: study of heredity, genes, and genetic variation.

Key Concepts

• Cells: basic units of life, consisting of a cell membrane, cytoplasm, and genetic material.
• DNA: molecule that contains the genetic instructions for an organism.
• Evolution: process of change in the characteristics of a population over time.
• Ecosystems: communities of living and non-living things that interact with each other.
• Homeostasis: ability of an organism to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in the external environment.

Biological Processes

• Photosynthesis: process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy.
• Respiration: process by which cells generate energy from glucose.
• Metabolism: set of chemical reactions that occur within an organism to maintain life.
• Growth and Development: process of growth and change in an organism from birth to maturity.

Biological Systems

• Nervous System: system that transmits and processes information in an organism.
• Circulatory System: system that transports oxygen and nutrients to cells and removes waste products.
• Immune System: system that protects an organism from pathogens and disease.
• Digestive System: system that breaks down and absorbs nutrients from food.