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Questions and Answers
What is the characteristic feature of autospores?
What is the characteristic feature of autospores?
- They are similar to the parent cell in all respects except size (correct)
- They have flagella
- They have a cell wall distinct from the parent wall
- They are produced by meiotic division
Which type of spores are produced by the division of the protoplast in three planes?
Which type of spores are produced by the division of the protoplast in three planes?
- Zoospores
- Endospores (correct)
- Exospores
- Aplanospores
What is the main difference between aplanospores and autospores?
What is the main difference between aplanospores and autospores?
- Presence or absence of a cell wall
- Size and structure (correct)
- Method of production
- Presence or absence of flagella
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of zoospores?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of zoospores?
What is the mechanism of exospore formation?
What is the mechanism of exospore formation?
What is the main difference between spores produced by meiotic division and mitotic division?
What is the main difference between spores produced by meiotic division and mitotic division?
What is the main function of akinetes in algae?
What is the main function of akinetes in algae?
How do akinetes separate from the parent cell?
How do akinetes separate from the parent cell?
What is the characteristic of aplanospores?
What is the characteristic of aplanospores?
What is the term for the process of akinete formation in algae?
What is the term for the process of akinete formation in algae?
Which of the following spores is not mentioned in the text?
Which of the following spores is not mentioned in the text?
What is the characteristic of zoospores?
What is the characteristic of zoospores?
In which type of cell can asexual spores be formed?
In which type of cell can asexual spores be formed?
What is the purpose of asexual reproduction in algae?
What is the purpose of asexual reproduction in algae?
What is the characteristic of isogamous type of sexual reproduction?
What is the characteristic of isogamous type of sexual reproduction?
What is the main difference between anisogamous and oogamous types of sexual reproduction?
What is the main difference between anisogamous and oogamous types of sexual reproduction?
Which type of sexual reproduction is considered to be the most advanced?
Which type of sexual reproduction is considered to be the most advanced?
What is the characteristic of heterogamous type of sexual reproduction?
What is the characteristic of heterogamous type of sexual reproduction?
What is the term for the male reproductive body in Rhodophyceae?
What is the term for the male reproductive body in Rhodophyceae?
Which type of sexual reproduction is common in unicellular algae?
Which type of sexual reproduction is common in unicellular algae?
What is the characteristic of oogamous type of sexual reproduction?
What is the characteristic of oogamous type of sexual reproduction?
What is the term for the female reproductive body in Rhodophyceae?
What is the term for the female reproductive body in Rhodophyceae?
Study Notes
Fragmentation
- Fragmentation is a process where each fragment grows into a new individual under favorable conditions
- It involves the repeated division and subsequent separation of component cells
Akinetes
- Akinetes are single-celled, resting fragments specially modified for perennation and multiplication
- They are formed either singly or in chains in the vegetative filament
- The entire protoplast of the vegetative cell loses water, contracts, and becomes rounded or oval in form
- The parent cell wall becomes thickened and highly resistant
- Akinetes enable the species to tide over unfavorable periods for growth
- Each akinete grows into a new filament under suitable conditions
Asexual Reproduction
- Asexual reproduction is the commonest method of multiplication among algae under favorable conditions
- It may take place repeatedly during the season
- It involves the formation of specialized cells, including zoospores, aplanospores, autospores, hypnospores, carpospores, tetraspores, endospores, and exospores
- Zoospores are the most important kind of asexual spore, provided with one or more flagella and a chromatophore, nucleus, and eye spot
- Aplanospores are non-flagellated
Sexual Reproduction
- Sexual reproduction can be categorized into two types: isogamous and heterogamous
Isogamous
- Isogamy is a type of sexual reproduction common among unicellular algae
- Both male and female gametes are morphologically similar but differ physiologically
- It is considered a primitive nature
Heterogamous
- Heterogamy is a more advanced type of sexual reproduction
- Both male and female gametes differ morphologically and physiologically
- Male gametes are usually smaller in size
- Heterogamy can be further divided into anisogamous and oogamous types
Anisogamous
- Both fusing gametes are motile, but male gametes are smaller in size and more active (e.g., Pandorina and Chlamydomonas)
Oogamous
- It is considered the most advanced type of sexual reproduction
- Male gametes are motile and found in large numbers, whereas female gametes are non-motile and larger in size
- It is common among higher algae
Life Cycles in Algae
- There are three different types of life cycles, depending on when meiosis occurs, the type of cells produced, and if there is more than one free-living stage present in the life cycle
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Description
This quiz covers the process of fragmentation, a method of asexual reproduction in organisms, and akinetes, a type of modified cell that helps in perennation and multiplication.
