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Questions and Answers
The stages in the life cycle of a plant are separated from each other through the processes of _____.
The stages in the life cycle of a plant are separated from each other through the processes of _____.
meiosis and fertilization
Which of the following is true for all members of the plant kingdom?
Which of the following is true for all members of the plant kingdom?
- All plants are photosynthetic (correct)
- All plants have seeds
- All plants contain vascular tissue
- All plants are autotrophic
What does it mean that plants are autotrophic?
What does it mean that plants are autotrophic?
Plants are able to produce their own food through the process of photosynthesis.
Which of the following groups of plants were the first to contain vascular tissues and microphylls?
Which of the following groups of plants were the first to contain vascular tissues and microphylls?
What is true about the evolutionary origins of plants?
What is true about the evolutionary origins of plants?
The haploid stage of the plant life cycle is referred to as its _________ stage, while the diploid stage is referred to as its ____________ stage.
The haploid stage of the plant life cycle is referred to as its _________ stage, while the diploid stage is referred to as its ____________ stage.
Which characteristics define the members of the plant kingdom?
Which characteristics define the members of the plant kingdom?
Plants are _____________ meaning they can produce their own food through the process of photosynthesis.
Plants are _____________ meaning they can produce their own food through the process of photosynthesis.
What are mosses?
What are mosses?
What are lycophytes?
What are lycophytes?
What are ferns?
What are ferns?
What are gymnosperms?
What are gymnosperms?
What are angiosperms?
What are angiosperms?
Which organisms are most closely related to the ancestors of land plants?
Which organisms are most closely related to the ancestors of land plants?
What describes the alternation of generations in a plant's life cycle?
What describes the alternation of generations in a plant's life cycle?
Which statements have correctly matched the classification of plant with its evolutionary advantage?
Which statements have correctly matched the classification of plant with its evolutionary advantage?
What happens after one sperm fertilizes one egg of the embryo sac?
What happens after one sperm fertilizes one egg of the embryo sac?
The process that plants go through as they cycle between a haploid gametophyte stage and a diploid sporophyte stage is called _____.
The process that plants go through as they cycle between a haploid gametophyte stage and a diploid sporophyte stage is called _____.
Within the angiosperm life cycle, the mature adult plant represents the _________ stage and the pollen grains and embryo sac represent the __________ stage.
Within the angiosperm life cycle, the mature adult plant represents the _________ stage and the pollen grains and embryo sac represent the __________ stage.
Within a flower, the pollen grains represent the (male/female) portion and the ovule within the ovary represents the (male/female) portion.
Within a flower, the pollen grains represent the (male/female) portion and the ovule within the ovary represents the (male/female) portion.
Select all of the following that represent female portions of the angiosperm life cycle.
Select all of the following that represent female portions of the angiosperm life cycle.
How is a triploid endosperm produced?
How is a triploid endosperm produced?
Within chloroplasts, membranous discs called _______ contain chlorophyll and other pigments to trap the sun's energy.
Within chloroplasts, membranous discs called _______ contain chlorophyll and other pigments to trap the sun's energy.
Which of the following list of molecules are involved in photosynthesis?
Which of the following list of molecules are involved in photosynthesis?
Select all processes that occur during the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis.
Select all processes that occur during the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis.
Stacks of thylakoid discs are called _____
Stacks of thylakoid discs are called _____
Which of the following is true of the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis?
Which of the following is true of the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis?
Select all of the following products of photosynthesis.
Select all of the following products of photosynthesis.
What does the term 'Calvin cycle' refer to?
What does the term 'Calvin cycle' refer to?
Select all products that are produced by plants.
Select all products that are produced by plants.
Where do compounds like fibers, oils, and various chemical compounds come from?
Where do compounds like fibers, oils, and various chemical compounds come from?
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Study Notes
Plant Life Cycle
- Stages are separated by meiosis and fertilization.
- The haploid stage is called the gametophyte stage; the diploid stage is the sporophyte stage.
Plant Kingdom Characteristics
- All plants are photosynthetic, converting carbon dioxide into sugars using sunlight.
- Plants are multicellular, eukaryotic, and have membrane-bound organelles.
Types of Plants
- Mosses: Most primitive, lack vascular tissues.
- Lycophytes: First to have vascular tissues and microphylls (small leaves).
- Ferns: Contain vascular tissue and megaphylls (large leaves).
- Gymnosperms: Feature vascular tissues, megaphylls, and seeds.
- Angiosperms: Possess vascular tissues, megaphylls, seeds, and flowers.
Evolutionary Origins
- Land plants evolved from aquatic ancestors, particularly from Charophytes, around 700 million years ago.
Alternation of Generations
- Involves the sporophyte stage developing through fertilization and mitosis, and the gametophyte stage forming through meiosis.
Fertilization and Development
- Double fertilization leads to one diploid zygote and one triploid endosperm, which provides nourishment.
- Within angiosperms, pollen grains represent the male part, while ovules in the ovary signify the female part.
Photosynthesis Process
- Occurs in chloroplasts, where thylakoids contain chlorophyll for trapping sunlight.
- Light-independent reactions convert carbon dioxide into carbohydrates, utilizing ATP and NADPH formed during light-dependent reactions.
- The Calvin cycle best describes the fixation of carbon dioxide into carbohydrates.
Products of Photosynthesis
- End products include glucose and oxygen.
- Plants also produce various chemical compounds, fibers, and oils from glucose and intermediate byproducts of photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis Molecules
- Involves carbon dioxide, NADPH, and ATP energy.
- Stacks of thylakoid discs are called grana.
Female Reproductive Structures in Angiosperms
- Megaspore mother cells undergo meiosis to form megaspores.
- The gametophyte consists of an egg and two extra nuclei, aiding in reproduction.
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