Biology Exam - Genetics and Reproduction

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Questions and Answers

Signals for parturition in human female originate from:

  • Placenta only
  • Oxytocin released from maternal pituitary
  • Both placenta as well as fully developed foetus (correct)
  • Fully developed foetus only

To produce 1600 seeds, the number of meiotic divisions required will be:

  • 1600
  • 2000 (correct)
  • 1800
  • 2400

A sample of normal double-stranded DNA was found to have thymine content of 27%. What will be the expected proportion of guanine in this strand?

  • 73%
  • 36%
  • 32%
  • 23% (correct)

Observe the schematic diagram of a nucleic acid. Identify the correct sequence of nucleotide in the 5'-3' direction.

<p>CGTA (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

E. coli has 4.6 X $10^6$ base pairs and completes the process of replication in 18 minutes, then the average rate of polymerization is approximately:

<p>4000 bp/s (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Suresh and Rajesh have defective haemoglobin due to genetic disorders. In Suresh, the problem is qualitative as he is having incorrectly functioning globin molecules while in Rajesh the problem is quantitative as he is having very few globin molecules. Identify the disorder they are suffering from.

<p>Suresh: Thalassemia - Autosomal Dominant blood disorder = Rajesh: Sickle Cell Anaemia - Autosomal linked Dominant trait Suresh: Sickle Cell Anaemia - Autosomal linked Dominant trait = Rajesh: Thalassemia - Autosomal Recessive blood disorder Suresh: Sickle Cell Anaemia - Autosomal linked Recessive trait = Rajesh: Thalassemia - Autosomal Recessive blood disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

In E.coli, when does the lac operon get switched on?

<p>When lactose is present in the medium and it binds to the repressor. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following features shows the mechanism of sex determination in the honeybee?

<p>(i) and (ii) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given the template strand 3' ATTGCC 5', after transcription, how can the mRNA be represented?

<p>5' UAACGG 3' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Idli – dosa dough rises due to the production of which of the following gas?

<p>CO2 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Adaptive radiation leads to:

<p>Rapid divergence of traits among populations inhabiting a given geographical area. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Eco R1 cuts the DNA between bases G and A only when the sequence of GAATTC is present. What is the number of nucleotides present in the resultant sticky ends that will be formed in each of the two strands of DNA after this enzyme cuts the DNA?

<p>2 &amp; 4 ... 4 &amp; 2 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the secondary treatment of sewage, which of the following change in the effluent occurs due to flocs?

<p>Reduction in BOD (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cells of tapetum have more than one nucleus.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates serve dual purposes; they act as proof readers and provide energy.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A floating cover placed over the slurry in a biogas plant keeps on rising because this cover keeps on rising due to the gas produced in the tank by the microbial activity.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

DNA fragments can be isolated by Gel electrophoresis on the basis of their size. The larger the fragment size, the faster it moves.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Meiotic Divisions

The process required to produce gametes, where one cell divides into four daughter cells.

Thyroid Hormones

Hormones produced by the thyroid gland that regulate metabolism.

Lac Operon Function

A gene regulation mechanism in E. coli activated by lactose.

HIV and T cells

The relationship between HIV levels and helper T cell counts in AIDS.

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Central Dogma

The flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein.

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Eco R1 Enzyme

A restriction enzyme that cuts DNA at specific sequences.

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Adaptive Radiation

The rapid evolution of diversely adapted species from a common ancestor.

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Assertion Reasoning Type

Questions linking statements where the reason explains the assertion.

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Biogas Plant Function

Uses microbes to produce gas, where floating cover rises due to gas production.

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PCR Technique

Polymerase chain reaction used to amplify DNA sequences.

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Southern Blot Hybridization

A method to detect specific DNA sequences using a probe.

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Bio-fertilizers

Organisms that enrich soil nutrients, improving crop yield.

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Oogenesis Completion

The final stages in female gamete development in ovaries.

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Cryptorchidism

A condition where testicles fail to descend, affecting fertility.

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Importance of Biodiversity

Biodiversity maintains ecosystem balance and resilience.

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Gause's Principle

In ecology, two species competing for the same resource cannot coexist.

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Temperature Graph Analysis

Understanding temperature fluctuations related to non-viral diseases.

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Fertilization Block

Ovum blocks additional sperm entry post-fertilization.

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Embryo Transfer in IVF

Transferring embryos to assist pregnancies after in vitro fertilization.

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Biodiversity Loss Factors

Factors causing the decline of species variety in ecosystems.

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Genetic Therapy Example

Use of genes to treat or prevent inherited disorders.

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Dominance in Genetics

When one allele masks the expression of another in traits.

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Meiosis Outcomes

Results in four genetically unique daughter cells.

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DNA Replication

Process of copying DNA before cell division.

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Gas Production in Fermentation

CO2 is produced during the fermentation of idli-dosa dough.

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Mutation Types in DNA

Alterations in DNA sequence that can be harmful or neutral.

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Transcription Process

The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template.

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Embryo Development Techniques

Methods aiding embryo growth post-fertilization in ART.

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Study Notes

General Instructions

  • The exam has 33 questions, all compulsory.
  • Section A has 16 questions (1 mark each).
  • Section B has 5 questions (2 marks each).
  • Section C has 7 questions (3 marks each).
  • Section D has 2 case-based questions (4 marks each).
  • Section E has 3 questions (5 marks each).
  • There is no overall choice, but internal choices are available.
  • Neat and labeled diagrams are required when necessary.
  • The exam duration is 3 hours.

Section A - Multiple Choice Questions

  • Question 1: Signals for parturition in humans originate from the placenta and the fully developed fetus.
  • Question 2: To produce 1600 seeds, 2000 meiotic divisions are needed.
  • Question 3: If thymine content is 27%, the expected proportion of guanine is 23%.

Section A - Multiple Choice Questions (Continued)

  • Question 4: The nucleotide sequence in the 5' to 3' direction for a DNA segment is ATCG.
  • Question 5: E. coli replicates at approximately 2000 base pairs per second.
  • Question 6: In E. coli, the lac operon is switched on when lactose is present in the medium and binds to the repressor.

Section A - Multiple Choice Questions (Continued)

  • **Question 7:**Sex determination in honeybees is based on the chromosome number, males are haploid (32 chromosomes).
  • **Question 8:**If the strand 3' ATTGCC 5' is the template strand, the mRNA would be 5' AUUGCC 3'.
  • **Question 9:**Idli and dosa dough rise due to the production of carbon dioxide (CO2).

Section A - Multiple Choice Questions (Continued)

  • Question 10: Adaptive radiation leads to rapid divergence of traits among populations inhabiting a given geographic area.
  • Question 11: EcoRI cuts DNA between G and A, when the sequence GAATTC is present. This creates sticky ends with 2 and 4 nucleotides.
  • Question 12: During secondary sewage treatment, flocs decrease the BOD (biological oxygen demand) and increase the DO (dissolved oxygen).

Section A - Questions 13-16

  • These questions involve Assertion (A) and Reason (R) multiple-choice questions.

Section B - Questions 17-18 (Essay)

  • Questions about blood test results and sperm count.
  • The ovum blocks entry of additional sperm in fertilization

Section C - Question 22 (Diagram Analysis)

  • The image shows two germinated seeds; one by apomixis (seed X), the other by sexual reproduction (seed Y).

Section C - Question 23 (Oogenesis)

  • The first meiotic division in oogenesis occurs in the primary oocyte.

Section C - Questions 22-23 (Continued)

  • The products of the first meiotic phase are the secondary oocyte and a polar body.

Section D - Questions 29-30 (Hardy-Weinberg, Disease)

  • Questions related to population genetics and disease symptoms.

Section D and E (Long Answer)

  • Questions involve mechanisms, processes, and various concepts explored throughout the study material.

Section E - Questions 31

  • The questions are long essay or multiple subsections questions dealing with topics from the chapter.

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