Podcast
Questions and Answers
Suppose a population of insects exists that is primarily brown, with some individuals being green, and some being white. Over time, brown insects are the most successful due to their ability to blend in with their environment resulting in the green and white insects disappearing. This scenario describes what type of natural selection?
Suppose a population of insects exists that is primarily brown, with some individuals being green, and some being white. Over time, brown insects are the most successful due to their ability to blend in with their environment resulting in the green and white insects disappearing. This scenario describes what type of natural selection?
- Artificial Selection
- Directional selection (correct)
- Stabilizing selection
- Disruptive selection
In a population of rabbits, genetic drift causes a sudden increase in the frequency of a gene that produces white fur. What is a likely explanation for this change in gene frequency?
In a population of rabbits, genetic drift causes a sudden increase in the frequency of a gene that produces white fur. What is a likely explanation for this change in gene frequency?
- A random event, such as a disease outbreak, led to the survival of a higher proportion of white rabbits. (correct)
- The population of rabbits has experienced a bottleneck effect, resulting in a reduced genetic diversity.
- White fur is a dominant trait, making it more likely to be passed on to offspring.
- White rabbits have a selective advantage in their environment, allowing them to reproduce more successfully.
If a scientist wanted to determine the age of a fossil by comparing its position relative to other fossils in a rock formation, which dating method would they use?
If a scientist wanted to determine the age of a fossil by comparing its position relative to other fossils in a rock formation, which dating method would they use?
- Relative dating (correct)
- Absolute dating
- Radiometric dating
- Relationship dating
Which of these techniques is MOST likely to introduce new alleles into a population?
Which of these techniques is MOST likely to introduce new alleles into a population?
What is the main difference between camouflage and mimicry?
What is the main difference between camouflage and mimicry?
Which of the following is an example of an analogous structure?
Which of the following is an example of an analogous structure?
What is the primary difference between homologous and analogous structures?
What is the primary difference between homologous and analogous structures?
Based on the cladogram, which organism is most closely related to the salamander?
Based on the cladogram, which organism is most closely related to the salamander?
What characteristic separates the hagfish from all other organisms depicted in the cladogram?
What characteristic separates the hagfish from all other organisms depicted in the cladogram?
If an organism has a half-life of 10 million years, how much of the radioactive isotope would remain after 30 million years?
If an organism has a half-life of 10 million years, how much of the radioactive isotope would remain after 30 million years?
If in a fossil, 6.25% of Element X remains, how many half-lives have passed?
If in a fossil, 6.25% of Element X remains, how many half-lives have passed?
According to the picture, which fossil is the oldest?
According to the picture, which fossil is the oldest?
Which of the following scenarios is NOT an example of natural selection?
Which of the following scenarios is NOT an example of natural selection?
Flashcards
Homologous Structures
Homologous Structures
Structures that share a common ancestry but may have different functions.
Vestigial Structures
Vestigial Structures
Body parts that have lost their original function through evolution.
Cladogram
Cladogram
A diagram that shows evolutionary relationships among organisms.
Natural Selection
Natural Selection
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Analogous Structures
Analogous Structures
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Natural Selection Types
Natural Selection Types
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Evolution Evidence
Evolution Evidence
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Evolution Time Measurement
Evolution Time Measurement
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Directional selection
Directional selection
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Stabilizing selection
Stabilizing selection
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Disruptive selection
Disruptive selection
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Radiometric dating
Radiometric dating
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Genetic Drift vs Natural Selection
Genetic Drift vs Natural Selection
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Study Notes
Multiple Choice Questions
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Question 1: Bat and bird wings share the same function, but differ in structure (bone vs. skin). These similar functions based on different structures are considered analogous.
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Question 2: Whale pelvis and femur bones, though non-functional, are remnants of evolutionary past. These non-functional structures are considered vestigial.
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Question 3: The ancestral/oldest organism on the provided cladogram chart is Hagfish.
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Question 4: The organism with only jaws, lungs, and claws is the Perch.
Cladogram Analysis
- A cladogram (branching diagram) shows evolutionary relationships among organisms. The oldest organisms are located at the base of the cladogram.
Radiometric Dating
- Determining precise dates of fossils that accurately depicts the ages. It's an important method in determining the absolute age of an artifact. Radiometric dating uses the decay of radioactive isotopes in the rock to determine their age.
Natural Selection
- Natural selection favors organisms best adapted to their environment, enabling survival and reproduction. These adaptations are key traits that provide advantages in environmental conditions. Natural selection is a process in which organisms with traits best suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing those advantageous traits to their offspring.
Genetic Drift
- Genetic drift is a chance process impacting allele frequencies in a population, often more pronounced in smaller populations, leading to random fluctuations in gene frequencies. The randomness of genetic drift differs from the adaptive nature of natural selection.
Adaptation
- An adaptation is a trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce in its environment, improving its chances of survival. Examples include camouflage and mimicry. Camouflage is a trait that allows an organism to blend in with its surrounding environment.
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