Biology: Eukaryotic Organisms Overview
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a key term in biology?

  • Respiration
  • Excretion
  • Digestion (correct)
  • Growth

    • All animals have cell walls.

    False

    What is the site of aerobic respiration that releases energy in the cell?

    Mitochondria

    Eukaryotic organisms are typically __________ and contain a nucleus.

    <p>multicellular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following categories of organisms with their characteristics:

    <p>Plants = Contain chloroplasts for photosynthesis Animals = Store carbohydrates as glycogen Fungi = Cell walls made of chitin Protoctists = Single-celled organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of microorganism is a virus classified as?

    <p>Not living organism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fungi can photosynthesize due to the presence of chloroplasts.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the cell wall in plant cells?

    <p>Support and prevent bursting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following biomolecules is NOT classified as a carbohydrate?

    <p>Cholesterol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    High technical and financial costs are an advantage of stem cells in medicine.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What color indicates the presence of proteins in the Biuret test?

    <p>purple</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The optimum temperature for enzyme activity is _____°C.

    <p>27</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following tests with their respective indicators:

    <p>Glucose test = Remains blue if absent Protein test = Turns purple if present Starch test = Turns blue/black if present Fat test = Cloudy white emulsion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor does NOT affect enzyme activity?

    <p>Color of substrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Enzymes are used up during the reactions they catalyze.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of stem cells in medicine?

    <p>To replace damaged cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of photosynthesis?

    <p>To convert light energy into chemical energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Anaerobic respiration produces carbon dioxide and ethanol only.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one factor that affects the rate of photosynthesis.

    <p>CO2 concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During cellular respiration, glucose is broken down to release ______.

    <p>energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of cellular respiration with their products:

    <p>Anaerobic respiration = Ethanol + carbon dioxide Aerobic respiration = Carbon dioxide + water + energy Lactic acid fermentation = Lactic acid Alcoholic fermentation = Ethanol + carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of amylase in the experiment with starch?

    <p>To break down starch into sugars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Diffusion requires energy to occur.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is activation energy?

    <p>The amount of energy required for a reaction to occur.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of carbohydrates?

    <p>Production of chlorophyll</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Plant cells become turgid when placed in a hypertonic solution.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of nitrates in plants?

    <p>To synthesize amino acids, needed for growth and repair.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ mesophyll consists of tightly packed columnar cells.

    <p>Palisade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the mineral with its requirement:

    <p>Magnesium = Production of chlorophyll Nitrates = Synthesize amino acids Phosphate = Makes DNA Potassium = Enzymes of respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one adaptation of leaves for photosynthesis?

    <p>Chloroplasts concentrated in cells near light source</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The rate of photosynthesis decreases with increasing light intensity after a certain point.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identify one of the roles of stomata in leaves.

    <p>Regulated gas exchange.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Biology Study Notes

    • Movement: Changing position or location.
    • Respiration: Releasing energy from food.
    • Sensitivity: Responding to the environment.
    • Growth: Increasing in size.
    • Reproduction: Producing offspring.
    • Excretion: Removing waste.
    • Nutrition: Obtaining nutrients for growth and energy.

    Eukaryotic Organisms

    • Multicellular: Composed of many cells
    • Contain a nucleus: A central structure housing genetic material (DNA).

    Plants

    • Multicellular: Contain many cells.
    • Chloroplasts: Contain chlorophyll for photosynthesis.
    • Cellulose cell walls: Provide structural support.
    • Store carbohydrates: Primarily as starch.

    Animals

    • Multicellular: Composed of many cells.
    • No chloroplasts: Cannot perform photosynthesis.
    • No cell walls: Lack structural support from cell walls.
    • Store carbohydrates: Primarily as glycogen.

    Fungi

    • Multicellular: Composed of many cells.
    • Cannot photosynthesize: Cannot produce their own food.
    • Cell walls: Made of chitin, not cellulose.
    • Store carbohydrates: Primarily as glycogen.

    Protoctists

    • Single-celled: Composed of a single cell.
    • Some photosynthesis: Some species are photosynthetic.
    • No cell walls (some have): Depending on the species.
    • Store carbohydrates: Variety depending on the species.

    Prokaryotic Organisms

    • Microscopic: Extremely small.
    • Single-celled: Composed of one cell.
    • Cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, and plasmid: Typical components of prokaryotic cells
    • Lack a nucleus: DNA is not enclosed within a membrane-bound nucleus.
    • Circular DNA: DNA is in a loop, not linear structures.
    • Feed off living or dead matter: Can be heterotrophic.

    Organelles

    • Organelles: Cellular compartments with specific functions.
    • Cells: Basic unit of life.
    • Tissues: Groups of similar cells.
    • Organs: Groups of tissues working together.
    • Organ systems: Groups of organs working together.

    Importance of Cell Differentiation

    • Enables tissues and organs to perform specific functions.
    • Crucial for complex tasks in multicellular organisms.

    Carbohydrates, Lipids, and Proteins

    • Carbohydrates: Composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Forms like starch and glycogen store glucose.
    • Lipids: Composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Forms like fats and oils store energy.
    • Proteins: Composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen. Essential for a variety of functions in living organisms.

    Enzymes

    • Biological Catalysts: Speed up chemical reactions without being consumed.
    • Substrate-Specific: Specific to the substrate they act upon.
    • Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity: Temperature, pH, substrate concentration, enzyme concentration, and environmental conditions.

    Catalysts

    • Speed up chemical reactions without being used up.

    Respiration

    • Aerobic Respiration: Uses oxygen to produce energy (ATP).
    • Anaerobic Respiration: Does not use oxygen, yielding less energy.

    Photosynthesis

    • Converting light energy to chemical energy (glucose).
    • Requires carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight.
    • Releases oxygen as a byproduct.
    • Factors affecting rate include CO2 concentration, light intensity, and temperature.

    Transpiration

    • Evaporation of water from plant leaves, primarily through stomata.

    Cell Structure

    • List of cell types and their respective components.

    Adaptations for Photosynthesis

    • Adaptations in plants include large surface area, thinner tissues, and concentrated chloroplasts in cells near a light source.

    Mineral Requirements for Plants

    • Elements like magnesium, nitrates, and phosphates are essential for plant growth and various metabolic processes.

    Experimental Design and Variables

    • Explain how organisms vary and how to control variables to make reliable measurements for experiments. Include independent variable, dependent variable and control variables.

    Cell Structures and Function

    • Key components: list of cell types and their respective components

    Hypotonic, Hypertonic, and Isotonic Solutions

    • Different solution concentrations in relation to cells.

    Digestive Enzymes

    • Summarize the different enzymes, their substrates, sources, and functions.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the fundamental characteristics of eukaryotic organisms, including plants, animals, and fungi. It highlights key biological processes such as movement, respiration, and reproduction. Understanding these concepts is essential for a well-rounded knowledge of biology.

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