Biology Essentials

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Questions and Answers

Which branch of biology deals with the study of chemical processes in living organisms?

  • Microbiology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry (correct)
  • Ecology

What is the primary function of the plasma membrane in a cell?

  • To regulate the movement of materials in and out of the cell (correct)
  • To provide structural support to the cell
  • To synthesize proteins
  • To generate energy for the cell

According to Mendel's Laws, what is the principle that states that each pair of alleles segregates independently during gamete formation?

  • Law of recessiveness
  • Law of segregation
  • Law of independent assortment (correct)
  • Law of dominance

What is the process by which genetic information is passed from DNA to RNA?

<p>Transcription (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the scientific theory that proposes that species evolve through the process of natural selection acting on genetic variation?

<p>Neo-Darwinism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which an organism's genetic information is passed from one generation to the next?

<p>Heredity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Biology

Branches of Biology

  • Botany: study of plants
  • Zoology: study of animals
  • Microbiology: study of microorganisms
  • Ecology: study of relationships between organisms and their environment
  • Biochemistry: study of chemical processes in living organisms
  • Molecular Biology: study of biological molecules and their interactions
  • Genetics: study of heredity and variation
  • Evolutionary Biology: study of evolution and natural selection

Cell Biology

  • Cell structure:
    • Plasma membrane
    • Cytoplasm
    • Nucleus
  • Cell functions:
    • Metabolism
    • Photosynthesis
    • Cellular respiration
  • Cell division:
    • Mitosis
    • Meiosis

Genetics

  • Mendel's Laws:
    • Law of segregation
    • Law of independent assortment
  • DNA structure:
    • Double helix model
    • Nitrogenous bases (A, C, G, T)
  • Gene expression:
    • Transcription
    • Translation
  • Genetic variation:
    • Mutation
    • Genetic drift

Evolution

  • Mechanisms of evolution:
    • Natural selection
    • Genetic drift
    • Gene flow
    • Mutation
  • Evidence for evolution:
    • Fossil record
    • Comparative anatomy
    • Molecular biology
  • Theories of evolution:
    • Neo-Darwinism
    • Punctuated equilibrium

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