Biology Enzymes and Plant Physiology Quiz

Red blood cells are responsible for transporting oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body. They contain a protein called hemoglobin, which binds to oxygen and allows for its efficient delivery.

Red blood cells lack a nucleus to maximize space for hemoglobin, which allows them to carry more oxygen.

Nerve cells, or neurons, are specialized cells that transmit electrical impulses throughout the body. This enables communication between different parts of the body.

White blood cells, like phagocytes and lymphocytes, are the body's defenders against infection. They identify and destroy harmful invaders.

Phagocytes engulf and digest foreign bodies, such as bacteria and viruses, to prevent infection.

Lymphocytes produce antibodies and antitoxins, which neutralize harmful substances and germs.

Guard cells control the opening and closing of stomata, which are tiny pores on the surface of leaves that allow for gas exchange.

Phloem cells transport manufactured food, like sugars from photosynthesis, throughout the plant to provide energy for growth and other processes.

The drooping of plant parts like leaves, flowers, and young stems due to water loss.

A type of wilting that can be reversed by providing the plant with water.

A type of wilting that cannot be reversed, even with water. The plant tissue has died.

The movement of particles against their concentration gradient, requiring energy (ATP).

Biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions without being changed themselves.

Enzymes that work inside living cells.

Enzymes that work outside living cells.

The substances that enzymes act on to produce products.

The process by which living organisms obtain food.

A type of nutrition where an organism makes its own food using energy from sunlight.

A type of nutrition where an organism obtains food from other organisms.

The ratio of the size of an image to the size of the original object.

The measurement of an object in the real world.

The measurement of an object in a drawing or image.

The formula used to calculate magnification. It involves dividing the size of the image by the size of the object.

To get a correct magnification, the units used for the image size and object size must be the same.

Enzyme activity increases with rising temperature until reaching an optimal point, beyond which the enzyme's structure is disrupted, leading to reduced activity.

The pH value at which an enzyme works best. Varying from enzyme to enzyme depending on its natural environment.

Enzyme activity increases proportionally to increasing enzyme concentration until all available substrate molecules are bound, leading to a plateau.

The rate of enzyme-catalyzed reaction initially increases with substrate concentration, reaching a plateau when all active sites are occupied by substrate molecules.

The process where the structure of an enzyme changes, disrupting its active site and preventing its function. Often caused by extreme temperatures.

The region on an enzyme where the substrate binds, allowing the catalytic reaction to occur.

The process where an enzyme interacts with and converts a substrate into a product.

A molecule that an enzyme acts upon, converting it into a product.

A type of sugar composed of two monosaccharide molecules linked by a glycosidic bond.

A disaccharide found in milk, composed of glucose and galactose. It is a primary source of energy for young mammals.

A disaccharide found in germinating seeds, formed from two glucose units. It is a source of readily available energy for germinating seeds.

The most common disaccharide found in plants, composed of glucose and fructose. It is the form in which plants transport sugars.

Complex carbohydrates made of many monosaccharides linked together by glycosidic bonds.

The main storage carbohydrate in plants, a polysaccharide made of glucose units. It is suited for storage because it is insoluble, compact, and readily converted to glucose.

Similar to starch, but it is the main storage carbohydrate in animals. It is found in the liver and muscles.

A structural polysaccharide found in plants, made of glucose units. It is a major component of plant cell walls.

A vital element in the body's fluids such as saliva, blood, and lymph, playing a crucial role in chemical reactions like photosynthesis and maintaining the hydrostatic skeleton in organisms like worms.

Inorganic compounds necessary for various bodily functions, absorbed as ions, acting as enzyme activators, and crucial for preventing deficiency diseases.

A mineral salt crucial for bone and teeth formation, nerve impulse conduction, muscle contraction, and enzyme activation.

A mineral salt vital for hemoglobin production in red blood cells, responsible for oxygen transport throughout the body.

An important mineral salt that plays a key role in thyroid hormone (thyroxine) production, controlling metabolic reactions like respiration.

A vital mineral salt involved in forming ADP and ATP, essential energy carriers in the body, and also contributing to strong bones and teeth.

Organic compounds essential for various bodily functions, required in miniscule amounts, and their absence can lead to deficiency diseases; categorized as water-soluble (dissolve in water) or fat-soluble (dissolve in fats).

A water-soluble vitamin vital for the formation of connective tissues, collagen production, and crucial for wound healing. Its deficiency leads to scurvy, characterized by bleeding gums and painful muscles.