Questions and Answers
What is a concentration gradient?
The difference in the concentration of a substance from one location to another.
What does it mean for a molecule to diffuse down a concentration gradient?
Diffusing down the gradient means that through the random motion of small molecules, some molecules in the high concentration region will move to the low concentration region.
What does simple diffusion require?
Where does diffusion get energy from?
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The higher the concentration of dissolved molecules in a solution, the ___________ the concentration of water molecules in that solution.
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Which solution has the highest concentration of particles?
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Which concentration has the highest concentration of water molecules?
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How does facilitated diffusion differ from simple diffusion?
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In facilitated diffusion, do molecules move down a gradient or against a concentration gradient?
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The difference in the concentration of a substance from one location to another is a __________.
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How does the term hyper relate to hypertonic?
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How does the meaning of 'facilitate' apply to facilitated diffusion?
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What is passive transport?
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What is diffusion?
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What is osmosis?
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What is an isotonic solution?
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What is a hypertonic solution?
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What is a hypotonic solution?
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What is facilitated diffusion?
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Study Notes
Concentration Gradient
- Difference in concentration of a substance between two locations.
- Plays a crucial role in diffusion processes.
Diffusion
- Movement of molecules from high to low concentration areas.
- Can occur spontaneously due to the random motion of particles.
Simple Diffusion
- Requires no energy; operates down the concentration gradient.
- Not saturable; occurs primarily in prokaryotes.
Facilitated Diffusion
- Needs a form of ATP and can be saturated; specific to eukaryotes.
- Utilizes protein channels to assist in the movement of molecules across membranes.
Energy Sources for Diffusion
- Driven by kinetic energy, which includes heat and pressure.
Concentration and Water Relationship
- Higher concentration of dissolved substances leads to lower concentration of water molecules in the solution.
Hypertonic Solution
- Contains a higher concentration of solutes than the cell.
- Results in water exiting the cell, causing it to shrivel.
Hypotonic Solution
- Features a lower concentration of solutes compared to the cell.
- Leads to water entering the cell, which can cause swelling or bursting.
Isotonic Solution
- Solute concentration is balanced inside and outside the cell.
- Water moves in both directions, maintaining cell size.
Passive Transport
- Movement of materials across the cell membrane without energy usage.
Osmosis
- Specific type of diffusion focused on the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
Implications of "Hyper"
- In biological terms, "hypertonic" indicates a higher level of solutes in comparison to a normal solution.
Role of Transport Proteins
- In facilitated diffusion, transport proteins help molecules that cannot cross the membrane easily.
Key Definitions
- Concentration Gradient: Difference in concentration from one location to another.
- Facilitated Diffusion: Movement of specific molecules through protein channels in membranes.
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Test your knowledge on diffusion and osmosis with these flashcards. Learn about key concepts like concentration gradients and the process of molecules diffusing down the gradient. Perfect for biology students looking to solidify their understanding of these fundamental topics.