Biology Diffusion and Osmosis Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is a concentration gradient?

The difference in the concentration of a substance from one location to another.

What does it mean for a molecule to diffuse down a concentration gradient?

Diffusing down the gradient means that through the random motion of small molecules, some molecules in the high concentration region will move to the low concentration region.

What does simple diffusion require?

Oxygen

Energy

Transport proteins

None (correct)

Where does diffusion get energy from?

From any form of kinetic energy such as heat and pressure. Signup and view all the answers

The higher the concentration of dissolved molecules in a solution, the ___________ the concentration of water molecules in that solution.

lower Signup and view all the answers

Which solution has the highest concentration of particles?

Hypertonic Signup and view all the answers

Which concentration has the highest concentration of water molecules?

Hypotonic Signup and view all the answers

How does facilitated diffusion differ from simple diffusion?

Facilitated diffusion requires a form of ATP and can be found only in eukaryotes. Signup and view all the answers

In facilitated diffusion, do molecules move down a gradient or against a concentration gradient?

Down a concentration gradient. Signup and view all the answers

The difference in the concentration of a substance from one location to another is a __________.

concentration gradient Signup and view all the answers

How does the term hyper relate to hypertonic?

A hypertonic solute has a higher level of solutes than the normal solution. Signup and view all the answers

How does the meaning of 'facilitate' apply to facilitated diffusion?

The transport protein makes it easier for a molecule that cannot directly cross the cell membrane to enter or exit a cell. Signup and view all the answers

What is passive transport?

The movement of materials across the cell membrane without using cellular energy. Signup and view all the answers

What is diffusion?

The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Signup and view all the answers

What is osmosis?

Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane. Signup and view all the answers

What is an isotonic solution?

The concentration of solutes is equal inside and outside the cell. Signup and view all the answers

What is a hypertonic solution?

The solution has a higher solute concentration than the cell. Signup and view all the answers

What is a hypotonic solution?

The solution has a lower solute concentration than the cell. Signup and view all the answers

What is facilitated diffusion?

Movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Concentration Gradient

Difference in concentration of a substance between two locations.
Plays a crucial role in diffusion processes.

Diffusion

Movement of molecules from high to low concentration areas.
Can occur spontaneously due to the random motion of particles.

Simple Diffusion

Requires no energy; operates down the concentration gradient.
Not saturable; occurs primarily in prokaryotes.

Facilitated Diffusion

Needs a form of ATP and can be saturated; specific to eukaryotes.
Utilizes protein channels to assist in the movement of molecules across membranes.

Energy Sources for Diffusion

Driven by kinetic energy, which includes heat and pressure.

Concentration and Water Relationship

Higher concentration of dissolved substances leads to lower concentration of water molecules in the solution.

Hypertonic Solution

Contains a higher concentration of solutes than the cell.
Results in water exiting the cell, causing it to shrivel.

Hypotonic Solution

Features a lower concentration of solutes compared to the cell.
Leads to water entering the cell, which can cause swelling or bursting.

Isotonic Solution

Solute concentration is balanced inside and outside the cell.
Water moves in both directions, maintaining cell size.

Passive Transport

Movement of materials across the cell membrane without energy usage.

Osmosis

Specific type of diffusion focused on the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane.

Implications of "Hyper"

In biological terms, "hypertonic" indicates a higher level of solutes in comparison to a normal solution.

Role of Transport Proteins

In facilitated diffusion, transport proteins help molecules that cannot cross the membrane easily.

Key Definitions

Concentration Gradient: Difference in concentration from one location to another.
Facilitated Diffusion: Movement of specific molecules through protein channels in membranes.

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Description

Test your knowledge on diffusion and osmosis with these flashcards. Learn about key concepts like concentration gradients and the process of molecules diffusing down the gradient. Perfect for biology students looking to solidify their understanding of these fundamental topics.