30 Questions
What is the primary mode of transmission of Naegleria?
Through swimming or diving in contaminated bodies of water
What is the fate of Naegleria trophozoites inside the host?
They do not exhibit a flagellated stage and do not form cysts
What is the primary site of infection in Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM)?
Cerebral hemispheres of the brain
What is the typical outcome of Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM)?
Fatal within a week of onset
What is the laboratory diagnosis of Naegleria infection?
Stained smears of culture material
What is the treatment for Naegleria infection?
Amphotericin B and Clotrimazole
What is the primary function of ectoplasm?
Ingestion, excretion, protection, and movement
What is the structure responsible for regulating osmotic pressure?
Contractile vacuoles
What is the laboratory diagnosis method used for isolation of amoeba and flagellates?
Concentration methods
What is the purpose of blocking the channel of transmission in prevention?
To prevent vector-borne transmission
What is the structure responsible for ingestion of food?
Cytostome
What is the primary component of the indirect transmission cycle?
Vector
What is the number of nuclei found in a mature Giardia cyst?
4
What is the characteristic appearance of vermicularis in a fresh liquid or soft stool specimen?
Rapid action of multiple leaf-shaped pseudopods
What is the function of the axostyle in Giardia?
To provide support and movement to the cell
What is a potential consequence of faulty installation of water supply near sewage pipes?
Transfer of liquid or contamination of the water supply
What is the primary habitat of Naegleria species?
Stagnant water, brackish and ocean sediments
What is the primary mode of transmission of Giardia?
Through ingestion of contaminated food and water
What is the primary mode of transmission of Entamoeba histolytica?
Ingestion of mature cysts in fecally contaminated food, water, or hands
What is the size of the trophozoite of Naegleria species?
10-35 um
What is the stage of Entamoeba histolytica that can survive days to weeks in the external environment?
Cysts
What is the clinical manifestation of Giardia infection characterized by the presence of excess fat in the stool?
Steatorrhea
What is the structure in Giardia that enables it to attach to the host intestinal epithelium?
Ventral disc
What is the characteristic feature of the cyst wall of Naegleria species?
Smooth and double, with 3-8 pores
What happens to trophozoites passed in the stool once they are outside the body?
They are rapidly destroyed
What is the characteristic of the flagellated form of Naegleria species?
Elongated and bears two equal and anteriorly located flagella
What is the duration of the incubation period of Giardia infection?
1-4 weeks
What is a common outcome of noninvasive infection by Entamoeba histolytica?
Asymptomatic carriage with passage of cysts in the stool
What is the primary location of Naegleria species once it enters a human host?
Central Nervous System
What is a possible complication of Entamoeba histolytica infection?
Intestinal disease and extraintestinal disease
Understand the structure and functions of cytoplasm and ectoplasm in cells, including their differences and importance in cellular processes. Learn about the transmission and types of ectoplasm, as well as their role in locomotion, respiration, and digestion. Test your knowledge of these fundamental biology concepts.
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