Protozoa

What is the primary mode of transmission of Naegleria?

Through swimming or diving in contaminated bodies of water (correct)
Through direct contact with an infected person
Through inhalation of contaminated air
Through ingestion of contaminated food

What is the fate of Naegleria trophozoites inside the host?

They are eliminated by the host's immune system
They form cysts
They do not exhibit a flagellated stage and do not form cysts (correct)
They exhibit a flagellated stage

What is the primary site of infection in Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM)?

Cerebral hemispheres of the brain (correct)
Olfactory lobes
Spinal cord
Liver

What is the typical outcome of Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM)?

Fatal within a week of onset (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the laboratory diagnosis of Naegleria infection?

Stained smears of culture material (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for Naegleria infection?

Amphotericin B and Clotrimazole (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of ectoplasm?

Ingestion, excretion, protection, and movement (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure responsible for regulating osmotic pressure?

Contractile vacuoles (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the laboratory diagnosis method used for isolation of amoeba and flagellates?

Concentration methods (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of blocking the channel of transmission in prevention?

To prevent vector-borne transmission (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure responsible for ingestion of food?

Cytostome (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary component of the indirect transmission cycle?

Vector (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the number of nuclei found in a mature Giardia cyst?

4 (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic appearance of vermicularis in a fresh liquid or soft stool specimen?

Rapid action of multiple leaf-shaped pseudopods (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the axostyle in Giardia?

To provide support and movement to the cell (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of faulty installation of water supply near sewage pipes?

Transfer of liquid or contamination of the water supply (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary habitat of Naegleria species?

Stagnant water, brackish and ocean sediments (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of transmission of Giardia?

Through ingestion of contaminated food and water (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of transmission of Entamoeba histolytica?

Ingestion of mature cysts in fecally contaminated food, water, or hands (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the size of the trophozoite of Naegleria species?

10-35 um (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the stage of Entamoeba histolytica that can survive days to weeks in the external environment?

Cysts (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the clinical manifestation of Giardia infection characterized by the presence of excess fat in the stool?

Steatorrhea (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure in Giardia that enables it to attach to the host intestinal epithelium?

Ventral disc (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of the cyst wall of Naegleria species?

Smooth and double, with 3-8 pores (D) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to trophozoites passed in the stool once they are outside the body?

They are rapidly destroyed (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the flagellated form of Naegleria species?

Elongated and bears two equal and anteriorly located flagella (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the duration of the incubation period of Giardia infection?

1-4 weeks (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common outcome of noninvasive infection by Entamoeba histolytica?

Asymptomatic carriage with passage of cysts in the stool (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary location of Naegleria species once it enters a human host?

Central Nervous System (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible complication of Entamoeba histolytica infection?

Intestinal disease and extraintestinal disease (B) Signup and view all the answers