Biology: Control and Coordination Portfolio Assessment Part 1

electricity

fast

chemicals

<p>slower</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The nervous system's ability to rapidly transmit electrical signals allows for quick reflexes and immediate responses to stimuli.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The endocrine system's use of chemical messengers (hormones) allows for long-term, widespread effects on the body, such as regulating growth, development, and metabolism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>C. A runner gets hot and starts to sweat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A feedback loop is a cycle where the output of a system is returned to the system as input, causing either amplification or dampening of the system's response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An enzyme can help regulate chemical reactions in the body by speeding up or catalyzing these reactions, which is essential for maintaining homeostasis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sweating helps regulate body temperature by dissipating heat through evaporation, thus preventing overheating and maintaining homeostasis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contractions during childbirth are a natural physiological process that helps the mother expel the baby from the uterus, maintaining homeostasis by completing the reproductive cycle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regulating body temperature is crucial for enzyme function, cellular metabolism, and overall physiological balance, all of which are essential for homeostasis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A reflex action is an automatic, involuntary response to a stimulus, while a voluntary action is a deliberate, conscious movement controlled by the brain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An example of a reflex action is the withdrawal of the hand from a hot object. This occurs when sensory neurons detect the heat and transmit signals to the spinal cord, which then sends motor signals to the muscles, causing the hand to reflexively withdraw before the brain is consciously aware of it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A voluntary action, unlike a reflex action, involves the conscious control and decision-making of the brain. The brain processes sensory information, evaluates the situation, and then sends signals to the appropriate muscles to carry out the desired movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An example of a voluntary action is picking up a pencil from a desk. This involves the brain receiving sensory information about the pencil's location, processing that information, deciding to pick it up, and then sending motor signals to the appropriate muscles in the arm and hand to carry out the movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reflex actions are generally faster and more efficient than voluntary actions because they bypass the conscious processing of the brain. This is important for protecting the body from potential harm or responding quickly to sudden stimuli. Voluntary actions, while slower, allow for more complex decision-making and control.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Palm of hand</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1.0 cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sensitivity to touch varies across different parts of the body due to differences in nerve density and function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The experiment shows how different body parts vary in sensitivity to touch, highlighting the role of the nervous system in detecting stimuli.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The palm of the hand has higher tactile sensitivity, allowing for more detailed sensory information to be received.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The nervous system's function in transmitting and processing sensory information influences the ability to detect stimuli at varying distances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One gland shown is the pituitary gland. It secretes hormones that regulate growth, metabolism, and other bodily functions, acting as the 'master gland' of the endocrine system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary function of the reflex arc is to allow rapid, automatic responses to stimuli without conscious thought or effort.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sensory neurons detect the stimulus (in this case, the candle flame) and transmit this information to the spinal cord, initiating the reflex arc.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The spinal cord acts as a relay station, receiving the sensory input from the sensory neurons and transmitting signals to the motor neurons to initiate the appropriate response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In a reflex arc, the response is coordinated by the spinal cord without input from the brain, while a voluntary action requires processing and decision-making by the brain before initiating the response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One example is the knee-jerk reflex, where a tap on the knee causes the leg to kick out slightly. This reflex helps protect the body from potential harm by quickly moving the leg away from the source of the stimulus.</p> Signup and view all the answers