Biology Concepts Overview

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Questions and Answers

Match the drug/chemicals listed in Column I with the developmental/physiological defects listed in Column II.

P. Veratrum alkaloids = (i) Obesity Q. Thalidomide = (ii) Minamata syndrome R. Methylmercury = (iii) Cyclopia S. Diethylstilbesterol = (iv) Phocomelia

Match the animals listed in Column I with primary tissue or organ of residence in the host listed in Column II

P. Ascaris lumbricoides = (i) Subcutaneous tissue in human Q. Dracunculus medinensis = (ii) Lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes R. Enterobius vermicularis = (iii) Small intestine S. Wuchereria bancrofti = (iv) Caecum or vermiform appendix

Match the cell types listed in Column I with their sources in Column II and the primary functional roles listed in Column III.

P. Microglial cells = (i) Lung Q. Leydig cells = (ii) Eyes R. ON cells = (iii) Brain S. Pneumocytes = (iv) Testis

Match the ecological concepts listed in Column I with their definitions listed in Column II.

P. Dominance hierarchies = (i) Giving up one's own reproductive potential to benefit another individual Q. Territory = (ii) Selection acting on related animals which affects fitness of an individual R. Altruism = (iii) Exclusion of competing individuals using agonistic behavior S. Kin selection = (iv) Preferential access to the food and mates in a group Signup and view all the answers

Match the hormones listed in Column I with their primary source tissues in Column II and the primary target tissues listed in Column III

P. Epinephrine = (i) Hypothalamus Q. Prolactin = (ii) Thyroid R. Calcitonin = (iii) Pituitary S. Thyrotropin releasing hormone = (iv) Chromaffin tissue Signup and view all the answers

Match the animal inactivity behaviors listed in Column I with representative animals in Column II and their definitions listed in Column III.

P. Torpor = (i) Australian burrowing frogs Q. Hibernation = (ii) Polar Bears R. Winter sleep = (iii) Ground Squirrels S. Aestivation = (iv) Hummingbirds Signup and view all the answers

Match the following subcellular organelles in Column I with associated functions in Column II

P. Nucleolus = (i) Glycoprotein biosynthesis Q. Peroxisomes = (ii) Oxidation of fatty acids and amino acids R. Endoplasmic reticulum = (iii) Protein trafficking S. Golgi bodies = (iv) Ribosome biogenesis Signup and view all the answers

Match the following genetic disorders in Column I with associated typical chromosomal changes mentioned in Column II

P. Klinefelter syndrome = (i) 45,XO Q. Down syndrome = (ii) 5p minus R. Turner syndrome = (iii) 47,XXY S. Cri du chat syndrome = (iv) Trisomy 21 Signup and view all the answers

Match the following components listed in Column I with their respective organs in Column II

P. Endolymph = (i) Testes Q. Vitreous humour = (ii) Ear R. Vas deferens = (iii) Ovary S. Corpus luteum = (iv) Eye Signup and view all the answers

Match the following digestive enzymes in Column I with their respective functions in Column II.

P. Erepsin = (i) converts proteins to peptides Q. Steapsin = (ii) activates trypsinogen to trypsin R. Pepsin = (iii) converts fat into fatty acid and glycerol S. Enterokinase = (iv) converts polypeptides to amino acids Signup and view all the answers

Match the household insect vectors in Column I with their associated diseases in Column II.

P. Kissing bug (Hemiptera) = (i) Bubonic plague Q. Sand fly (Diptera) = (ii) Tularemia R. Deer fly (Diptera) = (iii) Chagas disease S. Oriental rat flea (Siphoneptera) = (iv) Kala azar Signup and view all the answers

Match the proteins in Column I with the organs in which they are maximally expressed in Column II.

P. Keratin = (i) Liver Q. Surfactants = (ii) Pancreas R. Pro-carboxypeptidase = (iii) Lung S. Albumin = (iv) Skin Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Organic Compounds

Nucleotides are composed of a nitrogenous base, a five-carbon sugar, and a triphosphate group.
Nucleosides are composed of a nitrogenous base and a five-carbon sugar.

Animal Morphology

Daphnia sp. develops adaptive predator avoidance morphology due to high predator numbers.

Drosophila Genes

fushi tarazu (ftz) belongs to the segment polarity genes class of Drosophila developmental genes.

Enzyme Inhibitors

Competitive inhibitors can be reversed by adding an excess of substrate.

Mendel's Experiments

Tall plants being heterozygous, an enhancer for the tall allele in the dwarf plant, or a suppressor for the tall allele in the dwarf plant, could explain altered outcomes in experiments where only dwarf plants were produced.
Dwarf plants may be homozygous.

Receptor-Ligand Interactions

Ionic interactions and hydrogen bonding are involved in reversible receptor-ligand interactions.

Antigen Processing

B-cells and macrophages are involved in processing foreign antigens in the human body.

Animal Classification

Pandas are specialists, based on diet and habitat selection.

Drug/Chemical-Defect Matching

Veratrum alkaloids are associated with phocomelia.
Thalidomide is associated with limb defects.
Methylmercury is associated with Minamata syndrome.
Diethylstilbesterol is associated with reproductive system issues.

Animal-Tissue/Organ Matching

Ascaris lumbricoides resides in the small intestine.
Dracunculus medinensis resides in subcutaneous tissues.
Enterobius vermicularis in the small intestine.
Wuchereria bancrofti resides in lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes.

Cell Types and Functions

Microglial cells are located in the brain and are involved in phagocytosis.
Leydig cells are located in the testis and are involved in hormone secretion.
ON cells are in the eyes and are involved in visual transduction.
Pneumocytes are in the lungs and are involved in gas exchange.

Ecological Concepts

Dominance hierarchies involve the preferential access to food and mates in a group.
Territories involve the exclusion of competing individuals, using agonistic behavior.
Altruism involves giving up reproductive potential to benefit another individual.
Kin selection involves selection favoring individuals based on relationship.

Hormone Sources and Target Tissues

Epinephrine is produced by chromaffin tissue, targeting the heart.
Prolactin is produced by the pituitary, targeting the mammary glands.
Calcitonin is produced by the thyroid, acting on the bones.
Thyrotropin releasing hormone originates in the hypothalamus and influences the pituitary.

Enzyme Inhibition

Hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphate isomerase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and phosphofructokinase are enzyme involved in glycolysis.

Microscopy Factors

The ability to resolve entities inside a cell in light microscopy depends on magnification, intensity of incident light, wavelength, and numerical aperture of the objective lens.

Vital Capacity

If vital capacity (VC), tidal volume (TV),and inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) are provided, the expiratory reserve volume(ERV) will be calculated.

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Description

This quiz covers essential topics in biology, including organic compounds, animal morphology, and genetics. Explore key concepts such as nucleotides, predator avoidance in Daphnia, and Drosophila gene functions. Test your knowledge on enzyme inhibitors and receptor-ligand interactions as well.