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Questions and Answers
Which drug inhibits DNA gyrase?
Which drug inhibits DNA gyrase?
- Chloramphenicol
- Penicillin
- Trimethoprim
- Ciprofloxacin (correct)
Which antimicrobial drug is synthetic?
Which antimicrobial drug is synthetic?
- Penicillin
- Actinomycin
- Neomycin
- Sulfanilamide (correct)
Which clinical situation is best treated with a narrow-spectrum antimicrobial drug?
Which clinical situation is best treated with a narrow-spectrum antimicrobial drug?
- Treatment of a polymicrobic mixed infection in the intestine
- Empiric therapy of pneumonia while waiting for culture results
- Treatment of strep throat caused by culture identified Streptococcus pyogenes (correct)
- Prophylaxis against infection after a surgical procedure
Which of the following is not a type of β-lactam antimicrobial?
Which of the following is not a type of β-lactam antimicrobial?
Which resistance mechanism describes the function of β-lactamase?
Which resistance mechanism describes the function of β-lactamase?
Which of the following is present in prokaryotes but not eukaryotes?
Which of the following is present in prokaryotes but not eukaryotes?
The nitrogen bases in DNA are bonded to the:
The nitrogen bases in DNA are bonded to the:
Which statement about IgE is true?
Which statement about IgE is true?
Which cells are responsible for killing their targets via perforin and granzyme B?
Which cells are responsible for killing their targets via perforin and granzyme B?
A primary role for antibodies in resistance to bacterial infection is:
A primary role for antibodies in resistance to bacterial infection is:
Which process involves the uptake of naked DNA from the environment by a bacterial cell?
Which process involves the uptake of naked DNA from the environment by a bacterial cell?
Which type of microorganism uses CO2 as a carbon source and inorganic chemical compounds as an energy and electron source?
Which type of microorganism uses CO2 as a carbon source and inorganic chemical compounds as an energy and electron source?
Which compound lacks the presence of phosphates in the structure of a Gram-positive bacterial cell wall?
Which compound lacks the presence of phosphates in the structure of a Gram-positive bacterial cell wall?
Which microorganism type cannot synthesize a growth factor?
Which microorganism type cannot synthesize a growth factor?
At what agar concentration does the movement of Proteus bacteria inhibit?
At what agar concentration does the movement of Proteus bacteria inhibit?
Which type of microorganism is Nitrosomonas?
Which type of microorganism is Nitrosomonas?
Which one of the following is most responsible for the nature of the lesion on the foot caused by Staphylococcus aureus?
Which one of the following is most responsible for the nature of the lesion on the foot caused by Staphylococcus aureus?
What is the best explanation for a negative blood culture in the case of Staphylococcal TSS?
What is the best explanation for a negative blood culture in the case of Staphylococcal TSS?
Which type of enzyme inhibitor affects the enzyme activity by binding to the enzyme at a site other than the active site?
Which type of enzyme inhibitor affects the enzyme activity by binding to the enzyme at a site other than the active site?
Which method is the best for determining the etiology of a sore throat?
Which method is the best for determining the etiology of a sore throat?
What does virulence refer to?
What does virulence refer to?
Which laboratory test is most likely to confirm the diagnosis of Lyme disease?
Which laboratory test is most likely to confirm the diagnosis of Lyme disease?
An F-pilus is essential for:
An F-pilus is essential for:
Which of the following statements about gene expression is false?
Which of the following statements about gene expression is false?
Which of the following is NOT characteristic of eukaryotic gene expression?
Which of the following is NOT characteristic of eukaryotic gene expression?
What is a distinguishing feature of eukaryotic mRNA?
What is a distinguishing feature of eukaryotic mRNA?
Which process is not typically associated with bacterial conjugation?
Which process is not typically associated with bacterial conjugation?
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Study Notes
Competitive Exams for the Academic Year 2021-2022
Question 1
- Chemoautotrophic microorganisms can use CO2 as a source of carbon and inorganic chemicals as a source of energy and electrons.
- Teichoic acid is a component that lacks phosphate in the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria.
- Lipoteichoic acid is a component that lacks phosphate in the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria.
Question 2
- Types of inhibitors that affect enzyme activity: uncompetitive, competitive, and noncompetitive inhibitors.
Question 3
- Nitrosomonas is a chemoautotrophic microorganism.
- The most responsible factor for the nature of the ulcers on the foot caused by Staphylococcus aureus is Exfoliatin.
- If the blood culture is negative, the best explanation is that there might be a problem with blood collection.
The Etiology of Sore Throat
- The best way to determine the etiology of a sore throat is through a throat culture.
Virulence
- Virulence is the ability of bacteria to cause disease when presented with favorable circumstances.
Lyme Disease
- The laboratory test that would confirm the diagnosis of Lyme disease is the Borrelia burgdorferi immunoassay.
Spore Formation
- The stages of spore formation: sporulation, engulfment, fore-spore formation, and spore maturation.
F-pilus
- An F-pilus is essential for plasmid transfer by conjugation.
Gene Expression
- False statement: Translation begins at a site called a promoter.
- True statements: More than one RNA polymerase can be transcribing a specific gene at a given time, More than one ribosome can be translating a specific transcript at a given time, Transcription stops at a site called a terminator, Some amino acids are coded for by more than one codon.
Eukaryotic Gene Expression
- False statement: The mRNA is often polycistronic.
Multiple Choice
- The nitrogen bases in DNA are bonded to the deoxyribose.
- Spliceosomes are present in eukaryotes but not prokaryotes, and simultaneous transcription and translation occur in prokaryotes but not eukaryotes.
Short Answer
- Conjugation: direct cell-to-cell contact, donor: F+ plasmid, recipient: F- plasmid. Transformation: uptake of free DNA, donor: any DNA source, recipient: competent cells. Transduction: virus-mediated DNA transfer, donor: bacteriophage, recipient: bacterial cells.
- Selective mediums for Salmonella: LJ medium, XLD agar, and SS agar.
- True or False: IgE is involved in Type I hypersensitivity reaction, Immune responses are controlled by exclusion of cells from the site of inflammation, Cytotoxic T cells kill targets via perforin and granzyme B, Antibodies activate the alternative complement pathway, Pattern recognition molecules distinguish self from pathogen.
Additional Questions
- Microbial activity level can be determined by measuring CO2 production, O2 consumption, or ATP production.
- Carbon cycle in land: photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition. Carbon cycle in microorganisms: photosynthesis, respiration, fermentation.
- No significant difference between the water cycle in land and the water cycle on the mainland because the water cycle is a continuous process.
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