Questions and Answers
Which of the statements may explain this phenomenon in terms of natural selection? (Select all that apply)
Select the factors associated with natural selection that could explain this phenomenon. (Select all that apply)
How would a limited supply of seeds affect reproductive success in a population of finches?
The finches with the largest, heaviest beaks will have the greatest chances of surviving to reproduce.
Sort the items into the 'causes' and 'effects' bins of differential reproductive success.
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How does competition for necessities lead to differential reproductive success?
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Why can a finite supply of resources lead to natural selection in populations?
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If red fur is selected for by natural selection, what is the expected outcome?
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Match the descriptions to the appropriate terms related to natural selection.
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Match each definition to the correct vocabulary term related to natural selection.
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Match environmental conditions with the most relevant natural selection process.
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Which field observations illustrate how natural selection affects increased herbicide resistance? (Select all that apply)
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Study Notes
Natural Selection Factors
- Hatchery-raised fish outcompete wild fish for food, demonstrating competitive advantage.
- Healthier and stronger hatchery-raised fish have better survival rates when released.
- Purple loosestrife plants germinate earlier, accessing soil nutrients before native plants, leading to a fitness advantage.
- Increased seed production in purple loosestrife enhances reproductive success over native plants.
Reproductive Success in Finches
- Finches with the largest, heaviest beaks are more capable of cracking seeds, increasing survival and reproductive chances in environments with limited seeds.
Causes and Effects of Differential Reproductive Success
- Causes include variation, heredity, and competition.
- Effects encompass changes in allele frequency and the development of adaptations.
Competition and Resource Limitations
- Competition for limited resources like food and water allows some individuals to survive and produce offspring, influencing reproductive success.
Natural Selection and Resource Finite Supply
- A finite supply of resources fosters competition, favoring the strongest individuals for survival and reproduction.
Traits and Offspring Production
- Natural selection favoring red fur in squirrels leads to a higher reproductive rate for red squirrels compared to gray squirrels.
Key Vocabulary in Natural Selection
- Population: All members of a species in a specific environment; affected by natural selection.
- Differential Reproduction: Advantageous traits increase survival and offspring production in populations.
- Natural Selection: Process through which advantageous traits become prevalent over generations via differential reproduction.
- Evolution: Long-term change in heritable traits of a species, driven by natural selection.
Definitions of Related Terms
- Carrying Capacity: Maximum number of individuals an environment can sustainably support.
- Population: Collection of organisms of the same species in a communal area.
- Biotic Potential: Highest potential for reproduction under ideal conditions.
- Differential Reproductive Success: Variant reproductive output among species leads to differing offspring quantities.
Environmental Conditions and Natural Selection
- Enhanced inherited variation arises from abundant food sources and shifting environmental factors.
- Production of excess offspring typically occurs in high predation and competitive resource environments.
- Finite environmental resources occur in extreme habitats such as deserts and mountains.
Herbicide Resistance in Weeds
- Observations illustrate that herbicide effectiveness declines, indicating the emergence of resistant weed varieties.
- Some weeds may survive based on pre-existing genetic variations that confer resistance against herbicides due to selective pressure.
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Description
Explore the concept of natural selection through flashcards focusing on competition and differential reproductive success in fish. Assess factors influencing the success of hatchery-raised versus wild fish. Test your understanding of how natural selection operates within ecosystems.