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Questions and Answers
Which of the following describe eukaryotes?
Which of the following describe eukaryotes?
- No membrane-bound organelles
- Membrane-bound organelles (correct)
- Free-floating DNA
- DNA in nucleus (correct)
What is the primary difference between autotrophs and heterotrophs?
What is the primary difference between autotrophs and heterotrophs?
- Autotrophs consume other organisms
- Heterotrophs can photosynthesize
- Heterotrophs make their own food
- Autotrophs produce their own food (correct)
What are unicellular organisms?
What are unicellular organisms?
Organisms consisting of only one cell.
Why does classification change?
Why does classification change?
The taxonomic levels include domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and _____
The taxonomic levels include domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and _____
What is the benefit of names in classification?
What is the benefit of names in classification?
In the name hydra vulgaris, hydra refers to the _____ and vulgaris is the _____
In the name hydra vulgaris, hydra refers to the _____ and vulgaris is the _____
Match the separate prokaryote groups with their characteristics:
Match the separate prokaryote groups with their characteristics:
Match the separate eukaryote groups with their characteristics:
Match the separate eukaryote groups with their characteristics:
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Study Notes
Classification of Organisms
- Eukaryotes contain membrane-bound organelles, a nucleus, and DNA that is enclosed within the nucleus.
- Prokaryotes lack membrane-bound organelles and a nucleus; their DNA is free-floating within the cell.
Nutrition Types
- Autotrophs synthesize their own food through processes like photosynthesis or chemosynthesis.
- Heterotrophs obtain energy by consuming other organisms, either directly or indirectly.
Cellular Composition
- Organisms are classified as unicellular if they consist of a single cell, which can perform all necessary life functions.
- Multicellular organisms, on the other hand, are composed of trillions of cells working collaboratively to sustain life.
Changing Classification Criteria
- The classification of organisms evolves as researchers gain new insights into DNA structure and cellular evidence.
Taxonomic Hierarchy
- Taxonomic levels provide a structured system for classifying living organisms:
- Domain
- Kingdom
- Phylum
- Class
- Order
- Family
- Genus
- Species
Importance of Naming
- A standardized naming system facilitates the organization and identification of species, promoting clarity in biological discussions.
Specific Nomenclature Example
- In the name "Hydra vulgaris":
- "Hydra" refers to the genus of the organism.
- "Vulgaris" is the specific epithet denoting one particular species within the Hydra genus.
Groups of Prokaryotes
- Prokaryotes are further divided into groups based on environmental adaptations:
- Halophiles thrive in extremely salty environments.
- Methanogens are adapted to low-oxygen environments, producing methane as a byproduct.
Groups of Eukaryotes
- Eukaryotic organisms include distinct kingdoms:
- Animalia: Most are eukaryotic, heterotrophic, and multicellular.
- Plantae: Primarily eukaryotic, autotrophic, and multicellular.
- Fungi: May be eukaryotic or prokaryotic; most are likely autotrophic and can be unicellular or multicellular.
- Protista: Typically prokaryotic and heterotrophic; mainly unicellular.
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