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Questions and Answers
What concept did Theodor Schwann contribute to cell theory?
What concept did Theodor Schwann contribute to cell theory?
- Plant material is composed of tissues.
- Cells are the basic unit of life in all organisms. (correct)
- Cells can arise from non-living matter.
- Cells can function individually without forming tissues.
Which statement is true regarding Binary Fission?
Which statement is true regarding Binary Fission?
- It requires sexual reproduction between two organisms.
- It is a process exclusive to viral reproduction.
- It involves the division of a cell into two identical cells. (correct)
- It is the method by which plant tissue forms.
Which of the following is NOT a field of microbiology?
Which of the following is NOT a field of microbiology?
- Agricultural Microbiology
- Chemical Microbiology (correct)
- Industrial Microbiology
- Veterinary Microbiology
What did Robert Remak contribute to cell theory?
What did Robert Remak contribute to cell theory?
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Which organism is classified under medically important microorganisms?
Which organism is classified under medically important microorganisms?
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Who proposed the addition of a fifth kingdom to the classification of life?
Who proposed the addition of a fifth kingdom to the classification of life?
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What is the primary focus of Medical Microbiology?
What is the primary focus of Medical Microbiology?
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Which scientist is known for using ribosomal RNA to create a phylogenetic tree?
Which scientist is known for using ribosomal RNA to create a phylogenetic tree?
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Study Notes
Development of Biological Classification
- Carolus Linnaeus (1758) introduced a systematic way to categorize plants and animals.
- Ernst Haeckel (1866) proposed the four kingdoms of life in his work "General Morphology of Organisms."
- Robert Whittaker (1969) introduced a fifth kingdom, fungi, to the biological classification system.
- Carl Woese developed a phylogenetic tree using small subunit ribosomal RNA, categorizing organisms into three domains based on genetic similarity.
Cell Theory and Microbiology
- Robert Hooke (1665) was the first to observe that plants are made up of cells.
- Mathias Schleiden (1804–1881) concluded that all plants consist of cells, contributing to the cell theory.
- Theodor Schwann (1810–1882) established that animal tissues are cellular in nature, reinforcing the idea that all living organisms are composed of cells.
- Robert Remak (1815–1865) provided evidence that cells arise from pre-existing cells through cell division.
Medical Microorganisms
- Medically important microorganisms include:
- Bacteria
- Fungi
- Protists
- Helminths
- Viruses
Reproduction and Classification Methods
- Binary Fission is a form of asexual reproduction where a single organism divides into two separate entities.
- Classification methods for microorganisms involve:
- Morphology
- Differential Staining
- Biochemical Testing
- Latest Methods
Microbial Terminology
- A complete infectious viral particle is called a virion.
Branches of Microbiology
- General Microbiology focuses on the classification and functionality of microorganisms.
- Medical Microbiology examines pathogens, associated diseases, and the body's defenses.
- Veterinary Microbiology investigates the spread and control of diseases in animals.
- Agricultural Microbiology studies the roles of microbes in soil formation and fertility.
- Sanitary Microbiology deals with waste management and water purification.
- Industrial Microbiology encompasses the cultivation and maintenance of specific microbes for industrial use.
- Microbial Physiology and Genetics explore microorganism functions, DNA structure, and broader genetic science.
- Environmental Microbiology includes the study of microbes in various settings like soil, air, water, and food.
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