Biology Classification Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is the branch of biology that deals with taxonomy?

Ecology

Genomics

Morphology

Systematics (correct)

What is classification in biology?

A grouping of organisms or objects based on a set of criteria.

What does taxonomy refer to?

The science of classifying.

What is phylogeny?

Evolutionary history of a species. Signup and view all the answers

What classification system did Aristotle use?

Animals or plants classified by size and structure. Signup and view all the answers

What is Linnaeus' system of classification known for?

Developed binomial nomenclature. Signup and view all the answers

What does binomial nomenclature consist of?

A 2 part name for an organism - Genus & Species. Signup and view all the answers

What does morphological study focus on?

The study of shape. Signup and view all the answers

What is the biochemical aspect in taxonomy?

Inherited DNA. Signup and view all the answers

What does cladistics model?

Evolutionary relationships based on shared derived characters. Signup and view all the answers

What are ancestral characters?

Found within the entire line of descent of a group of organisms. Signup and view all the answers

What are derived characters?

Present members, not in a common ancestor. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term taxon refer to?

Named group of organisms, such as phylum, genus, or species. Signup and view all the answers

What is a genus?

Taxonomic group of closely related species with a common ancestor. Signup and view all the answers

What does family refer to in taxonomy?

Taxonomic group of similar related genera. Signup and view all the answers

What is an order in taxonomy?

Taxonomic group that contains related families. Signup and view all the answers

What does class refer to in the taxonomic hierarchy?

Taxonomic group that contains one or more related orders. Signup and view all the answers

What is a phylum in taxonomy?

Taxonomic group of related classes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the division term used for?

Taxonomic term used instead of phylum for plants and bacteria. Signup and view all the answers

What does kingdom refer to in taxonomy?

Taxonomic group of related phyla or divisions. Signup and view all the answers

What is a domain in biological classification?

Taxonomic group of one or more kingdoms. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a character in biological terms?

Inherited morphological or biochemical feature. Signup and view all the answers

What is a molecular clock?

Model that uses comparisons of DNA sequences to estimate phylogeny. Signup and view all the answers

What does a cladogram represent?

Diagram with branches that represents hypothesized phylogeny. Signup and view all the answers

What are eubacteria?

Prokaryotes with peptidoglycan containing cell walls. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes archeabacteria?

Prokaryotes whose cell walls do not contain peptidoglycan. Signup and view all the answers

What defines a protist?

Unicellular, multicellular, or colonial eukaryote. Signup and view all the answers

What is a fungus in biological classification?

Unicellular or multicellular eukaryote that absorbs nutrients. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Systematics and Classification

Systematics studies taxonomy, organizing biological diversity.
Classification groups organisms based on shared characteristics.
Taxonomy is the science of categorizing organisms.

Evolutionary Concepts

Phylogeny refers to the evolutionary history of species.
Morphological studies involve analyzing shape and structure in organisms.

Historical Perspectives

Aristotle classified organisms by size and structure, emphasizing morphology.
Linnaeus developed binomial nomenclature, creating a systematic naming method.

Nomenclature and Taxonomic Hierarchy

Binomial nomenclature consists of two parts: Genus and Species.
Taxonomic hierarchy includes several ranks:
- Genus: closely related species sharing a common ancestor.
- Family: group of related genera, smaller than an order.
- Order: grouping of related families.
- Class: includes one or more related orders.
- Phylum: grouping of related classes.
- Kingdom: collection of related phyla or divisions.
- Domain: encompasses one or more kingdoms.

Evolutionary Features

Characters in taxonomy include inherited morphological and biochemical traits.
Ancestral characters are features found throughout a lineage's descent.
Derived characters appear in present members but not in a common ancestor.

Molecular Analysis

Molecular clock estimates phylogeny based on DNA sequence comparisons.
Cladograms visually represent hypothesized evolutionary relationships.

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Groups

Eubacteria have peptidoglycan in their cell walls, classifying them as prokaryotes.
Archaebacteria are prokaryotes lacking peptidoglycan in their cell walls.
Protists are diverse eukaryotes, including unicellular and multicellular forms, with variable cell wall composition.
Fungi are eukaryotes that absorb nutrients, stationary, with chitin in their cell walls.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the key concepts of classification in biology with these flashcards. Learn about systematics, taxonomy, phylogeny, and Aristotle's system of classification. Perfect for anyone studying biology or preparing for exams.