Biology Class: Micro-organisms and Human Eye

Microorganisms live in all Earth's ecosystems, including soil, water, the atmosphere (up to 6 km), plants, animals and within their bodies.

Microorganisms live on and within various substances, like meat, fish, fruits, vegetables, and even within the human body.

Some microbes can thrive in harsh environments like hot springs, salt marshes, or even petrol and diesel.

Microorganisms can be helpful in agriculture, medicine, protecting the environment, and many industries.

Microbes are used in agriculture to improve crop yields, produce pest-resistant crops, and create biological pesticides and weedicides.

A genetically modified rice enriched with Vitamin A using genes from bacteria.

The process where bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen into usable forms that plants can absorb.

Bacteria that live in the nodules of legumes and convert atmospheric nitrogen into a usable form for plants.

The process where food changes its characteristics due to bacteria, yeast or fungi, making it unsafe or undesirable for consumption.

The tough, white outer layer of the eye providing structural support and preventing light from passing through.

The transparent front part of the eye, formed by the sclerotic layer, that lets light into the eye.

The vascular layer of the eye behind the sclerotic layer that provides blood supply to the eye.

The light-sensitive layer inside the eye containing cells that detect light (rods and cones).

A watery fluid that fills the space between the cornea and the lens, maintaining the shape of the eye.

The area of the retina where the optic nerve exits the eye. It lacks light-sensitive cells, so no vision occurs there.

Light entering the eye is required for clear vision of an object.

The ability of the eyes to perceive depth and three-dimensional objects by using both eyes.

A clouding or opacity in the eye's lens, causing blurry vision.

Caused by denatured proteins in the eye lens, turning it milky.

An eye disease that damages the optic nerve, leading to gradual vision loss.

Often caused by high blood pressure inside the eye.

Glaucoma progressively reduces vision and can lead to blindness. The damage is irreversible.

Reddening of eyes and tearing are symptoms of eye infections.

Spread through insects ('Konduruwa') and by contact.

The smallest form of oxygen that exists independently. It's made of two oxygen atoms bonded together.

A molecule formed by atoms of the same element.

The number of protons in an atom's nucleus. It uniquely identifies an element.

Positively charged particles found in an atom's nucleus.

The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus.

Neutral particles found in an atom's nucleus.

A substance made of only one type of atom.

The basic unit of matter made of protons, neutrons, and electrons.

Plant growth movements directly influenced by the stimulus's direction, often involving growth hormones.

Plant growth towards the stimulus.

Plant growth away from the stimulus.

Plant response to gravity.

Plant response to light.

Plant response to water.

Plant movements not directly related to the stimulus's direction; usually due to turgor pressure changes.

Pressure exerted by water inside plant cells that causes them to expand and maintain shape. Changes in turgor pressure cause plant movements.

Matching blood types (e.g., A+, O-, etc.) and Rhesus factor (Rh+) or (Rh-) for safe blood transfusions. A mismatch can lead to a serious immune response.

A protein found on the surface of red blood cells.

Ensuring both the blood group and Rhesus factor (Rh) are compatible between the donor and the recipient.

Maintaining a healthy cardiovascular system through lifestyle choices.

The four sections (two atria and two ventricles) of the heart, responsible for pumping blood throughout the body.

The upper right chamber of the heart, receiving deoxygenated blood from the body.

A document a blood donor completes to give information about their health and eligibility to donate blood.

Strategies like stress reduction, exercise, healthy diet, and controlling conditions like high blood pressure, to ensure a healthy blood circulation system.