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Questions and Answers
What is the characteristic of the gastrovascular cavity in Anthozoa?
What is the characteristic of the gastrovascular cavity in Anthozoa?
What is the function of the stomodeum in embryonic development?
What is the function of the stomodeum in embryonic development?
What is the characteristic of Sea anemones compared to Hydras?
What is the characteristic of Sea anemones compared to Hydras?
What type of reproduction is characteristic of Anthozoa?
What type of reproduction is characteristic of Anthozoa?
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What is the characteristic of Hermatypic Corals?
What is the characteristic of Hermatypic Corals?
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What is the characteristic of Scleractinia (hard stony corals)?
What is the characteristic of Scleractinia (hard stony corals)?
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Why can Scleractinia easily form fossils?
Why can Scleractinia easily form fossils?
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What is the phylogenetic position of Anthozoa?
What is the phylogenetic position of Anthozoa?
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What is the characteristic of the primary or complete mesentery?
What is the characteristic of the primary or complete mesentery?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Hexacoralia?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Hexacoralia?
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What is the function of Cnidae in Actiniaria?
What is the function of Cnidae in Actiniaria?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of Ceriantharia?
Which of the following is a characteristic of Ceriantharia?
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What is the characteristic of the tertiary mesentery?
What is the characteristic of the tertiary mesentery?
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What is the characteristic of the gastrodermal muscles in Anthozoa?
What is the characteristic of the gastrodermal muscles in Anthozoa?
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Which of the following has nematocysts inside their body?
Which of the following has nematocysts inside their body?
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What type of symmetry do Hexacoralia have, except for Ceriantharia?
What type of symmetry do Hexacoralia have, except for Ceriantharia?
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What is the main reason why the relationship between the hermit crab and the anemone is not symbiotic?
What is the main reason why the relationship between the hermit crab and the anemone is not symbiotic?
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What is the function of the Siphonoglyph in Cnidarians?
What is the function of the Siphonoglyph in Cnidarians?
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What is the term for the type of skeleton found in some Cnidarians?
What is the term for the type of skeleton found in some Cnidarians?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of Order Actinaria?
Which of the following is a characteristic of Order Actinaria?
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What is the term for the ability to form coral reefs?
What is the term for the ability to form coral reefs?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of Family Actiniidae?
Which of the following is a characteristic of Family Actiniidae?
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What is the function of Verrucae in Family Actiniidae?
What is the function of Verrucae in Family Actiniidae?
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What is the term for the type of reproduction where buds are produced outside the tentacles?
What is the term for the type of reproduction where buds are produced outside the tentacles?
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What is the composition of the skeleton in Scleractinia corals?
What is the composition of the skeleton in Scleractinia corals?
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What is the term for the whole colony in Scleractinia corals?
What is the term for the whole colony in Scleractinia corals?
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What is unique about the Scleractinia coral's symbiotic relationship with algae?
What is unique about the Scleractinia coral's symbiotic relationship with algae?
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What is the name of the coral-like anemones that belong to the order Corallimorpharia?
What is the name of the coral-like anemones that belong to the order Corallimorpharia?
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What is the approximate percentage of Corallimorpharia that harbor Zooxanthellae?
What is the approximate percentage of Corallimorpharia that harbor Zooxanthellae?
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What is unique about the skeleton of Antipatharia corals?
What is unique about the skeleton of Antipatharia corals?
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What is the characteristic number of tentacles and mesenteries in Antipatharia corals?
What is the characteristic number of tentacles and mesenteries in Antipatharia corals?
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What is a characteristic of the polyps in Octocorallia?
What is a characteristic of the polyps in Octocorallia?
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What is unique about the way sea pens feed?
What is unique about the way sea pens feed?
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What is the characteristic of the colony in Suborder Sessiliflorae?
What is the characteristic of the colony in Suborder Sessiliflorae?
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What is the characteristic of the larvae of Subclass Ceriantharia?
What is the characteristic of the larvae of Subclass Ceriantharia?
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Why can't the tentacles of Subclass Ceriantharia retract into the column?
Why can't the tentacles of Subclass Ceriantharia retract into the column?
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What type of cnidae do Subclass Ceriantharia have?
What type of cnidae do Subclass Ceriantharia have?
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What is the body shape of Subclass Ceriantharia?
What is the body shape of Subclass Ceriantharia?
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What do Subclass Ceriantharia use their tubes for?
What do Subclass Ceriantharia use their tubes for?
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How many whorls of tentacles do Subclass Ceriantharia have?
How many whorls of tentacles do Subclass Ceriantharia have?
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Study Notes
Class Anthozoa
- Polypoid body form, with no medusa stage
- Gastrovascular cavity is septate, with septa called mesentery
- Mouth is slit-like, with a stomodeum (invagination or depression that forms the mouth opening during embryonic development)
- They have both colonial and solitary polyp forms
- Reproduction is both sexual (through planula) and asexual (through budding and fission)
Structure of a Sea Anemone
- Sea anemones are shorter and stouter than Hydras
- They have more tentacles than Hydras, but Hydras have longer tentacles
- They have a septate gastrovascular cavity
- Some are hermatypic, meaning they are reef-forming Anthozoans that actively build corals
Phylogeny of Anthozoa
- Reconstruction of key morphological characters in Cnidaria based on phylogenetic hypothesis
- Hexacoralia have biradial symmetry, except Ceriantharia, which make their own tube
- Gastrodermal muscles are not organized in bunches
- Symmetry is biradial, except for Ceriantharia
Defining Characteristics
- They are polypoid, with the polyp being the dominant form
- No medusa stage
- Gastrovascular cavity is septate
- Septa is called mesentery
- Mouth is slit-like with pharynx called stomodeum
- Stomodeum leads into gastrovascular cavity, serving both digestive and circulatory functions
Modes of Colony Formation
- Meandrina - brain coral
- Siphonoglyph - specialized ciliated groove or furrow found in the pharynx to direct water flow
- Zooxanthellae - brown algae that live symbiotically with Cnidarians
Orders of Anthozoa
- Order Actiniaria - true sea anemones, with column-shaped bodies topped by an oral disk
- Order Zoanthidea - partly chitinous with leathery tissues, mostly colonial, with zooxanthellae
- Order Scleractinia - hard corals, with skeletons made of aragonite, living in shallow to deep water
- Order Corallimorpharia - coral-like anemones, solitary or aggregated polyps, without stony skeleton
- Order Antipatharia - soft, deep water corals, with chitin skeleton, colonial
- Order Octocorallia - blue corals, soft corals, sea pens, and gorgonians, with polyps embedded in a matrix of mesogleal tissues
Subclass Octocorallia
- Sea pens, all colonial, some resemble antique quill pens, others are club-like or radiating
- Suborder Subselliflorae - sea pens, cosmopolitan, develops a single polyp that becomes the rachis from which other specialized polyps arise
- Suborder Sessiliflorae - sea pansies, colonial, fleshy and leaf-shaped, living on sandy or muddy sediment
Subclass Ceriantharia
- Tube dwellers, constructing or inhabiting tubes for protection, shelter, feeding, and reproduction
- Body is elongated, with two whorls of tentacles, where the outermost is longer
- Larvae are planktonic and free-swimming
- Tentacles are not retractable into the column due to the lack of sphincter muscles
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Description
Learn about the defining characteristics of Class Anthozoa, including their polypoid form, septate gastrovascular cavity, and more.