Biology, Chemistry, and Physics Overview

Definition: The study of living organisms and their interactions with the environment.
Key Concepts:
- Cell Theory: All living things are composed of cells; cells are the basic unit of life.
- Genetics: Study of heredity and variation; DNA structure and function.
- Evolution: Natural selection and adaptation; common descent.
- Ecology: Interactions between organisms and their environments; ecosystems, food webs, and biodiversity.

Definition: The study of matter, its properties, composition, and transformations.
Key Concepts:
- Atoms and Molecules: Basic building blocks of matter; atomic structure (protons, neutrons, electrons).
- Chemical Reactions: Processes where reactants transform into products; conservation of mass.
- States of Matter: Solid, liquid, gas; phase changes and properties.
- Periodic Table: Organization of elements based on atomic number and properties.

Definition: The study of matter, energy, and the fundamental forces of nature.
Key Concepts:
- Newton’s Laws of Motion: Principles governing the motion of objects.
- Energy: Types (kinetic, potential, thermal); conservation of energy.
- Waves: Characteristics and types (mechanical, electromagnetic); sound and light.
- Thermodynamics: Laws governing heat transfer and energy efficiency.

Definition: The study of Earth’s systems and processes.
Key Concepts:
- Geology: Study of Earth's structure, rocks, and processes (plate tectonics, erosion).
- Meteorology: Study of weather and climate; atmospheric phenomena; forecasting.
- Oceanography: Study of oceans, currents, marine ecosystems, and oceanic processes.
- Environmental Science: Interactions between humans and the environment; sustainability.

Definition: The study of celestial objects, space, and the universe.
Key Concepts:
- Solar System: Structure and components (planets, moons, asteroids, comets).
- Galaxies: Types (spiral, elliptical, irregular) and the Milky Way.
- Cosmology: Study of the universe’s origin, evolution, and eventual fate.
- Astrophysics: Application of physics to understand the universe; black holes, dark matter, and energy.

Focuses on living organisms and their relationships with their environment.
Cell Theory states that all living organisms are made up of cells, which are recognized as the basic unit of life.
Genetics explores heredity and variation; key component is DNA, which carries genetic information.
Evolution explains how species adapt through natural selection and shares a common descent.
Ecology involves studying ecosystems, food webs, and biodiversity, emphasizing interactions among organisms and their habitats.

Centers on matter, its properties, composition, and changes it undergoes.
Atoms and Molecules serve as the fundamental building blocks of all substances; understanding atomic structure is crucial (composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons).
Chemical Reactions involve the transformation of reactants into products, adhering to the conservation of mass principle.
States of Matter include solids, liquids, and gases, each possessing unique properties and undergoing phase changes.
The Periodic Table organizes elements based on atomic number, revealing trends in their chemical properties.

Investigates matter, energy, and the forces governing natural phenomena.
Newton’s Laws of Motion describe the fundamental principles of how objects move and interact.
Energy exists in various forms such as kinetic, potential, and thermal, with the principle of conservation of energy being critical.
Waves, including mechanical and electromagnetic types, have specific characteristics relevant to sound and light propagation.
Thermodynamics examines the laws of heat transfer and concepts of energy efficiency in physical processes.

Studies Earth’s systems, structures, and processes occurring over time.
Geology focuses on Earth's physical structure, including rocks and processes like plate tectonics and erosion.
Meteorology is dedicated to weather phenomena and climate study, encompassing atmospheric conditions and forecasting.
Oceanography explores oceanic structures, currents, and marine ecosystems, highlighting interactions within these environments.
Environmental Science evaluates the relationship between humans and nature, promoting sustainability and ecological balance.

Investigates celestial bodies, space phenomena, and the universe's composition.
The Solar System includes all planetary bodies, such as planets, moons, asteroids, and comets, and how they interact.
Galaxies are categorized into types like spiral, elliptical, and irregular, with the Milky Way being the galaxy that contains our solar system.
Cosmology delves into the universe's origin, its evolution over time, and theories about its ultimate fate.
Astrophysics applies physics principles to explore complex cosmic phenomena, including black holes, dark matter, and cosmic energy.