16 Questions
What is the main function of the mitochondria?
Site of ATP (energy) production
What is the role of ribosomes in a cell?
Site for protein synthesis
Which organelle is specifically larger in plant cells compared to animal cells?
Vacuole
What does the cell membrane control?
Entry and exit of substances
Which structure is responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells?
Chloroplast
What characteristic defines active transport?
Requires energy to move materials
What is the meaning of homeostasis in biological terms?
Tendency to maintain a constant internal state
What does the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) primarily do?
Transports materials around the cell
What is the main function of the respiratory system?
To bring oxygen into the body and get rid of carbon dioxide
Which organ is part of the circulatory system?
Veins
What is the effect of fatigue on performance?
Increased reaction time
Which system allows manipulation of the environment and maintains posture?
Muscular System
Which process involves the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane?
Osmosis
Which of the following organs is NOT part of the digestive system?
Trachea
What does the term 'contract' refer to in a physiological context?
To draw together and reduce in size
What type of tissue is the brain primarily made up of?
Nerve tissue
Study Notes
Characteristics of Living Things
- Living things maintain homeostasis, reproduce, are sensitive, nourish themselves, have organization, and grow
Cell Structure and Function
- Nucleus: control center of the cell
- Vacuole: stores water, food, or other substances; plant cells have a larger central vacoule than animal cells
- Ribosomes: makes proteins
- Mitochondria: powerhouse of the cell, produces ATP (energy)
- Chloroplast: found in plant cells, gives plants their green color and facilitates photosynthesis
- Cytoplasm: jellylike fluid inside the cell where organelles are suspended
- Cell wall: rigid layer of nonliving material surrounding plant cells
- Cell membrane: controls which substances enter or leave the cell
- Golgi apparatus: modifies and packages proteins for export
- Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): transportation system of the cell, moves materials around the cell
- Lysosomes: contains enzymes for breaking down certain materials in the cell
Cellular Processes
- Active transport: energy-requiring process that moves materials across a cell membrane against a concentration difference
- Diffusion: movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
- Endocytosis: process by which a cell takes material into the cell by infolding of the cell membrane
- Exocytosis: process by which a cell releases large amounts of material
- Osmosis: diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
- Selective permeability: condition of allowing some, but not all, materials to cross a barrier or membrane
Human Body Systems
- Muscular System: allows manipulation of environment, locomotion, and facial expression, maintains posture, and produces heat
- Skeletal System: protects and supports body organs, provides framework for muscles to support movement
- Digestive System: breaks down food into absorbable units for distribution to body cells
- Respiratory System: brings oxygen into the body, gets rid of carbon dioxide
- Nervous System: body's speedy, electrochemical communication network
- Circulatory System: transports oxygen, waste, nutrients, hormones, heat, etc. around the body
Other Key Terms
- Fatigue: affects performance, leading to judgement error, loss of situational awareness, degradation of performance, increased reaction time, and diminished memory
- Energy: ability to do work
- Lactic acid: product of fermentation in many types of cells, including human muscle cells
Test your knowledge of the key characteristics that define living organisms, including homeostasis, reproduction, sensitivity, nutrition, organization, and growth. Learn about the roles of cell organelles like the nucleus, vacuole, and ribosomes.
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