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Living organisms exhibit several key characteristics, which can be remembered using the acronym MRSGREN, standing for Movement, Respiration, ______, Growth, Reproduction, Excretion, and Nutrition.
Living organisms exhibit several key characteristics, which can be remembered using the acronym MRSGREN, standing for Movement, Respiration, ______, Growth, Reproduction, Excretion, and Nutrition.
Sensitivity
In biological classification, organisms are grouped based on shared characteristics and evolutionary history, progressing from broad categories such as Kingdom to more specific ones like ______.
In biological classification, organisms are grouped based on shared characteristics and evolutionary history, progressing from broad categories such as Kingdom to more specific ones like ______.
Species
While both animal and plant cells contain a nucleus, cytoplasm, and cell membrane, plant cells uniquely possess a cell wall, chloroplasts, and a ______, enabling them to perform photosynthesis and maintain turgor pressure.
While both animal and plant cells contain a nucleus, cytoplasm, and cell membrane, plant cells uniquely possess a cell wall, chloroplasts, and a ______, enabling them to perform photosynthesis and maintain turgor pressure.
Vacuole
When observing a specimen under a microscope, the magnification can be calculated using the formula: Magnification = Image size / ______.
When observing a specimen under a microscope, the magnification can be calculated using the formula: Magnification = Image size / ______.
Osmosis is a special type of diffusion referring to the movement of ______ molecules from a region of high water potential to a region of low water potential across a semi-permeable membrane.
Osmosis is a special type of diffusion referring to the movement of ______ molecules from a region of high water potential to a region of low water potential across a semi-permeable membrane.
Unlike passive transport, active transport requires energy in the form of ______ to move molecules against their concentration gradient, enabling cells to accumulate essential substances.
Unlike passive transport, active transport requires energy in the form of ______ to move molecules against their concentration gradient, enabling cells to accumulate essential substances.
Carbohydrates, such as glucose, are composed of smaller subunits; proteins are made of ______; and lipids consist of fatty acids combined with glycerol.
Carbohydrates, such as glucose, are composed of smaller subunits; proteins are made of ______; and lipids consist of fatty acids combined with glycerol.
The rate of enzyme activity increases with temperature to a point, however, above the ______ temperature, the enzyme's structure is disrupted and it will no longer function.
The rate of enzyme activity increases with temperature to a point, however, above the ______ temperature, the enzyme's structure is disrupted and it will no longer function.
Enzymes are biological ______ that accelerate chemical reactions within cells by lowering the activation energy, making them essential for metabolic processes.
Enzymes are biological ______ that accelerate chemical reactions within cells by lowering the activation energy, making them essential for metabolic processes.
Enzymes operate most efficiently within a specific range of ______ and pH levels. Extreme deviations can cause them to denature and lose their catalytic activity.
Enzymes operate most efficiently within a specific range of ______ and pH levels. Extreme deviations can cause them to denature and lose their catalytic activity.
Flashcards
MRSGREN
MRSGREN
Movement, respiration, sensitivity, growth, reproduction, excretion, and nutrition.
Classification
Classification
Grouping organisms based on similarities and evolutionary relationships.
Animal vs. Plant Cells
Animal vs. Plant Cells
Both have a nucleus, cytoplasm, and membrane; plant cells additionally have a cell wall, chloroplasts, and a vacuole.
Magnification Formula
Magnification Formula
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Osmosis
Osmosis
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Active Transport
Active Transport
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Biological Molecules
Biological Molecules
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Enzymes
Enzymes
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Study Notes
- Living organisms share key characteristics summarized by MRSGREN: Movement, Respiration, Sensitivity, Growth, Reproduction, Excretion, and Nutrition.
- Organisms are grouped based on shared characteristics and evolutionary relationships in a classification system.
- The classification system, from broadest to most specific, is: Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.
Cell Structure
- Both animal and plant cells possess a nucleus, cytoplasm, and cell membrane.
- Plant cells uniquely feature a cell wall, chloroplasts, and a vacuole.
Size of Specimens
- Magnification is calculated by dividing the image size by the actual size (Magnification = Image size / Actual size).
Osmosis
- Osmosis involves water movement across a semi-permeable membrane.
- Water moves from an area of high water potential to an area of low water potential.
Active Transport
- Active transport moves molecules against their concentration gradient.
- This process requires energy, typically in the form of ATP.
Biological Molecules
- Carbohydrates are composed of glucose.
- Proteins are composed of amino acids.
- Lipids are composed of fatty acids and glycerol.
Enzyme Action
- Enzymes are biological catalysts.
- Enzymes accelerate reactions.
- Enzymes function best at their optimum temperature and pH.
- Extreme temperatures and pH levels can denature enzymes.
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