Biology Chapters 18-22 Concepts Quiz

Exam 1 Concepts

• Define key terms from Chapters 18-22
• Define evolution and natural selection. Explain their relationship
• Define natural selection and explain the observations that led to the concept
• Explain mechanisms of evolutionary change
• Compare and contrast founder effect and bottleneck effect; how genetic drift causes speciation
• Compare directional, disruptive, and stabilizing selection, giving examples of each
• Identify "more fit" organisms in examples
• Explain the Hardy-Weinberg Principle and how to calculate it
• State the 5 assumptions required for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
• Explain case studies supporting natural selection evidence
• Define the biological species concept and compare it to morphological and phylogenetic species concepts; Explain why classifying organisms as species is challenging
• Identify reproductive isolating mechanisms and give examples of allopatric and sympatric speciation
• Interpret phylogenetic trees and identify criteria used to create them. Explain parsimony in phylogenetic tree interpretation
• Define viruses, retroviruses, and bacteriophages
• Explain whether viruses are living or non-living
• Describe viral structures and classifications
• Relate host range and tissue tropism to viruses
• Explain viral replication using lytic and lysogenic cycles
• Discuss the role of viruses in the environment
• Summarize a case study on HIV

Additional Concepts

• Preventative and therapeutic measures for viral infections
• Describe beneficial uses of viruses
• Define prions and viroids from an example
• Explain prehistoric atmospheric conditions and successful organisms
• Describe the 3 domains of life and their characteristics
• Explain the difference between rooted and unrooted phylogenetic trees
• Compare different models of the "tree of life"
• Discuss the role of prokaryotes in everyday life
• Describe methods of studying bacteria
• Identify key characteristics of bacteria based on morphology, cell walls, metabolism, and other requirements
• Discuss the importance and ubiquity of bacteria and archaea; define the differences between bacteria and archaea
• Explain identifying characteristics of bacteria
• Explain why bacteria are ubiquitous
• Discuss the role of prokaryotes in the world , and include bioremediation and ecosystem importance examples
• Explain the differences between Gram + and Gram - bacteria
• Explain the phylogenetic relationships of the three domains
• Discuss why prokaryotes are so successful
• Differentiate between vaccines and antibiotics
• Describe nitrogen fixation, including relevant organisms and results
• Define and describe Eutrophication
• Explain bacterial reproduction methods (transformation, transduction, conjugation)
• Describe metabolic diversity in bacteria
• Detail methods of bacterial identification

Test your understanding of key concepts from Biology Chapters 18-22. This quiz covers definitions of evolution, natural selection, mechanisms of evolutionary change, and various selection types. Additionally, you will explore the Hardy-Weinberg Principle and reproductive isolating mechanisms, among other topics.