Biology Chapters 17.1, 17.2, 17.4 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

The correct order for the levels of Linnaeus's classification system, from general to specific is, _____

domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

Which is the most specific and least specific taxa?

Most - Family, Least - Order

Most - Genus, Least - Kingdom

Most - Domain, Least - Species

Most - Species, Least - Domain (correct)

Describe the Linnaean classification system.

Each level includes the more specific levels below.

What is one limitation of the Linnaean classification system?

It is based on physical characteristics alone. Signup and view all the answers

What is phylogeny?

The evolutionary history for a group of species. Signup and view all the answers

What is this type of trait called: the embryos of both mammals and reptiles are protected by amniotic fluid?

Derived character Signup and view all the answers

Cladistics is a classification system based on what?

Common ancestry Signup and view all the answers

In a cladogram, what represents the most recent common ancestor shared by a clade?

The node where branches meet. Signup and view all the answers

What is the strongest evidence that two species are related to one another?

Similar genes Signup and view all the answers

Worse separated the kingdom Monera into?

Bacteria and Archaea Signup and view all the answers

Which three domains are most accepted by scientists?

Eukarya, Archaea, and Bacteria Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes eukaryotes from prokaryotes?

Eukaryotes have a nucleus. Signup and view all the answers

Single-celled prokaryotes that are classified by their ability to survive extreme conditions are called?

Archaea Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of fungi makes them different from plants?

They do not feed in the same way. Signup and view all the answers

How are the seven levels of Linnaeus' classification system organized?

Hierarchy Signup and view all the answers

Describe the trend in the levels, or taxa, as you move down from kingdom to species.

They go from most general to most specific. Signup and view all the answers

How can a phylogeny be shown?

Branching tree diagram Signup and view all the answers

What is a clade?

Group of species that share a common ancestor. Signup and view all the answers

How are derived characters used in making a cladogram?

Traits called derived characters are used to see the evolutionary relationships within a group of species. Signup and view all the answers

What is phylum Porifera?

Sponges - pores in body wall to allow water to enter. Signup and view all the answers

What is phylum Cnidaria?

Jellyfish, coral, anemone, hydra - tentacles with stinging cells. Signup and view all the answers

What is phylum Platyhelminthes?

Flatworms - body flattened. Signup and view all the answers

What is phylum Nematoda?

Round worms - cylinder shaped worms. Signup and view all the answers

What is phylum Annelida?

Segmented worms - body made of repeating segments. Signup and view all the answers

What is phylum Mollusca?

Snails, clams, squid - body covered by shell, has muscular foot. Signup and view all the answers

What is phylum Arthropoda?

Ticks, spiders, insects, crabs - legs with many joints. Signup and view all the answers

What is phylum Echinodermata?

Starfish, sea urchins - spines on surface, radial symmetry. Signup and view all the answers

What is phylum Chordata?

Mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish - notochord in the back that may become the spine. Signup and view all the answers

List the six kingdoms.

Archaea, Bacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Classification System Overview

The Linnaean classification system organizes living organisms into a hierarchy: domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species.
Species represents the most specific taxon, while domain is the least specific.

Characteristics of the Linnaean System

Each level of classification includes more specific categories below it.
A limitation of the system is its reliance solely on physical characteristics for classification.

Evolutionary Relationships

Phylogeny refers to the evolutionary history of a group of species.
Derived characters, such as amniotic fluid protection for embryos, indicate evolutionary traits shared among species.
Cladistics classifies organisms based on common ancestry, represented in cladograms through nodes where branches converge.

Genetic Similarities

The strongest evidence for the relatedness of two species is their genetic similarities.

Taxonomy of Domains and Kingdoms

The Kingdom Monera has been divided into two separate kingdoms: Bacteria and Archaea.
The three recognized domains are Eukarya, Archaea, and Bacteria.
Eukaryotes differ from prokaryotes in that they possess a nucleus.

Characteristics of Organisms in Various Phyla

Phylum Porifera: Sponges, characterized by pores in their body wall.
Phylum Cnidaria: Includes jellyfish, coral, and anemones, known for their stinging cell tentacles.
Phylum Platyhelminthes: Flatworms with a flattened body structure.
Phylum Nematoda: Roundworms with a cylindrical shape.
Phylum Annelida: Segmented worms with bodies made of repeating segments.
Phylum Mollusca: Includes snails, clams, and squid, typically covered by a shell and having a muscular foot.
Phylum Arthropoda: Features organisms like ticks, spiders, insects, and crabs with jointed legs.
Phylum Echinodermata: Comprising starfish and sea urchins, characterized by spines and radial symmetry.
Phylum Chordata: Includes mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish, recognized by the presence of a notochord which may develop into the spine.

Six Established Kingdoms

The six kingdoms of life are Archaea, Bacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.

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Description

Test your knowledge with these flashcards covering the key concepts of Linnaeus's classification system as outlined in Chapters 17.1, 17.2, and 17.4. Each flashcard features critical terms and their definitions that help you understand biological classification from domain to species.