Biology Chapter: Proteins and Lipids

What determines the function of a protein?

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins?

What type of bond links amino acids in proteins?

Which of these lipids is primarily responsible for forming the bilayer of cell membranes?

Which fatty acid characteristic differentiates saturated fats from unsaturated fats?

What is the primary function of hemoglobin in the blood?

What is the structure of DNA described as?

Where is DNA primarily located in eukaryotic cells?

What is the primary function of RNA in the process of protein synthesis?

Which type of fat is characterized by having no double bonds and being solid at room temperature?

What type of bond links amino acids together in proteins?

Which statement accurately describes phospholipids?

What distinguishes essential amino acids from non-essential amino acids?

What is one of the primary roles of proteins in the body?

How is DNA structured?

Which of the following accurately describes lipids?

Proteins: Structure and Function

Protein function depends on its specific shape.
Proteins are made of amino acids linked by peptide bonds.
Non-essential amino acids are produced by the body.
Essential amino acids must come from food.
Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts, speeding up chemical reactions.
Proteins have diverse functions, including:
- Movement (e.g., actin and myosin in muscles)
- Storage (e.g., albumen in egg white)
- Transport (e.g., hemoglobin transports oxygen)
- Regulation (e.g., insulin regulates blood sugar)
- Structure (e.g., keratin and collagen in hair, nails, and cell membranes)

Lipids: Structure and Functions

Lipids are made of 3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol molecule.
Fatty acids can have single bonds (saturated) or double bonds (unsaturated).
Lipids have various functions, including:
- Insulation to maintain body temperature.
- Energy storage.
- Protection for organs.
- Waterproofing.
- Chemical messengers (e.g., steroid hormones like testosterone and estrogen).
- Cell membrane structure (phospholipids form the bilayer).
Examples of lipids include fats, oils, waxes, phospholipids, steroid hormones, and triglycerides.

Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) stores genetic information.
RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) is involved in translating genetic information from DNA to proteins.
DNA has a double-helix structure.
DNA bases pair as follows: Adenine (A) with Thymine (T), and Cytosine (C) with Guanine (G).
RNA bases pair as follows: Adenine (A) with Uracil (U) instead of thymine.
DNA is found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
The flow of genetic information is DNA → RNA → Protein (Central Dogma).

Explore the intricate structures and diverse functions of proteins and lipids in this quiz. Understand how proteins are essential for various bodily functions and how lipids contribute to energy storage and insulation. Test your knowledge on amino acids, enzymes, and the roles of different types of fats.