Biology Chapter Photosynthesis Quiz

Topic 1.1 Photosynthesis

• Plants that receive light grow taller and greener than those in the dark.
• Leaves of plants in the light are broader and more numerous, and stems are thicker.
• Photosynthesis is how plants make food. This can't occur in the dark.
• Chlorophyll is a green pigment in plants that absorbs energy from light.
• Plants do not produce chlorophyll in the absence of light.

Topic 1.2 More about Photosynthesis

• The hypothesis should state a predicted effect relating a variable to another. (e.g., more fertilizer results in faster growth).
• The hypothesis must be testable by experiment.
• Multiple values for the variable should be used (e.g., various amounts of fertilizer).
• Other variables that might affect results (light intensity, temperature) should stay the same.
• Experiments should use materials like Petri dishes, duckweed, fertilizer, and a timer.
• Fertilizers should be handled carefully.
• Ensure any spills are cleaned up.
• Stomata are pores on the lower surface of leaves.
• More stomata are on the lower surface of leaves.
• Air, a lot of it oxygen, is released when leaves photosynthesize.

Topic 1.3 The Carbon Cycle

• Carbon is part of carbon dioxide in the air, and becomes part of a glucose molecule in photosynthesis.

Topic 1.4 Climate Change

• Asteroids are rocks that orbit the sun, smaller than planets.
• Asteroid impacts can result in heat, tsunamis, and dust clouds in the atmosphere, leading to plant and animal deaths.
• Earth's temperature has increased by 1.3 degrees Celsius between 1880 and 2016.
• Melting ice and water expansion contribute to rising sea levels.

Activity: The Carbon Cycle and Climate Change

• Planting more trees and stopping deforestation will help remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
• Reducing fossil fuel use and energy consumption helps to reduce combustion and carbon emissions.

Topic 2.1 Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table

• Atoms consist of a nucleus (protons and neutrons) and electrons orbiting it.
• Elements in the same group have the same number of electrons in their outer shell.
• Elements in the same period have the same number of electron shells.
• Elements' atomic size and boiling points increase as you move down a group.
• Elements' atomic size and boiling points increase as you move down their group.

Topic 2.2 Trends in Groups within the Periodic Table

• Metals on the left of the table; boiling points decrease as you go down.
• Atoms' size increases as you go down a group.
• All group 1 metals have one electron in their outer shell. Reaction with water becomes more vigorous as the atoms get larger.
• Group 17 elements have 7 electrons in their outer shells.

Topic 2.3 Why Elements React to Form Compounds

• Chemical reactions involve the transfer or sharing of electrons in atoms.
• The number of electrons in an atom's outer shell determines its reactivity.

Topic 2.4 Simple and Giant Structures

• lonic compounds form when a metal transfers electrons to a non-metal to form ions, held together by electrostatic forces.
• The strength of the electrostatic forces in an ionic compound affects its melting and boiling points.

Topic 3.1 Density

• Density equals mass divided by volume.
• Objects with a density greater than water sink.
• Objects with a density less than water float.
• Objects with a density less than sea water float.
• Recording the readings on the balance, and measuring and evaluating the volume occupied by the material are necessary to calculate density in the above formula.

Topic 3.2 Heat and Temperature

• Temperature refers to the average energy of particles in a substance.
• Heat is the total amount of energy in a substance based on the motion of its particles.
• Heat flows from warmer objects to cooler ones.

Topic 3.3 Conservation of Energy

• Energy can change form but cannot be created or destroyed.
• There is a difference in the rate of thermal energy transfer based on the temperature difference.

Topic 3.4 Moving from Hot to Cold

• Thermal energy will move from a warmer object to a cooler object.
• Higher temperatures result in a faster rate of thermal energy transfer.

Topic 3.5 Ways of Transferring Thermal Energy

• Solids transfer thermal energy through conduction as heat travels from particle to particle.
• Liquids and gases transfer energy through convection, as warmer, less dense fluids rise and cooler, denser fluids fall.
• Thermal energy can be transferred through space through radiation.

4.1 Plants and Water

• Plants absorb water from the soil in the root hairs, passing through the xylem vessels to reach their leaves.
• Nitrate ions are needed for protein production, and magnesium for chlorophyll production.

4.2 Transpiration

• The evaporation of water from leaves is known as transpiration.
• Transpiration occurs through pores on the underside of leaves called stomata.
• Stomata open and close and have a role to play in transpiration.

4.3 Excretion in Humans

• Carbon dioxide is removed from the body via exhalation.
• Urea (a waste product) is filtered and expelled as urine.

4.4 Keeping a Fetus Healthy

• A fetus needs essential nutrients like protein, calcium, and iron for healthy development.

5.1 Reactivity and Displacement Reactions

• Some metals react more easily than others.
• More reactive metals can displace less reactive metals from compounds, for example, zinc will displace copper from copper sulfate.
• The order of reactivity is determined through experiments using different metals in various solutions.

5.2 Using the Reactivity Series and Displacement Reactions

• Metals can displace other metals from compounds.
• This depends on the relative reactivity of the metals.
• The reactivity series is helpful for predicting displacement reactions.

5.3 Salts

• Salts are formed when acids react with bases.
• The reaction of acids with metal carbonates produces carbon dioxide.
• Salt solutions can be tested to confirm the results.

5.4 Other Ways of Making Salts

• Other reactions can also create salts, different methods include the reaction of metals with non-metals or acids with bases.
• Salts can be tested using indicators or other tests to confirm the results. (e.g., universal indicator or litmus paper).

6.1 Loudness and Pitch of Sound

• Sound is created by vibrations, the greater the vibration, the louder the sound.
• Pitch is related to the frequency or number of vibrations per second of a wave.

6.2 Interference of Sound

• Sound waves can either reinforce or cancel each other out, depending on their alignment and amplitude.

6.3 Formation of the Moon

• The theory of the formation of the Moon suggests the collision between a Mars-sized object and the early Earth formed the Moon.
• The composition of the Moon is similar to that of the Earth.

6.5 Tectonics

• Moving tectonic plates, some of which are under the Earth's surface, result in the movement of continents.
• Plate movement leads to the formation of volcanoes and earthquakes.

7.1 Chromosomes, Genes, and DNA

• Chromosomes, located in the cell's nucleus, hold genes, which are parts of DNA carrying instructions for particular characteristics.
• DNA is a long thread-like molecule that contains genes.
• Each chromosome contains many genes and each gene is composed of DNA.

7.2 Gametes and Inheritance

• Gametes are sex cells (sperm and egg).
• Gametes contain half the number of chromosomes compared to other cells.
• Fertilization occurs when a sperm and egg combine.

7.3 Variation

• Natural variations within species are common.
• Different traits (like height, eye color, size, or behavior) create the differences between organisms.
• Environmental factors often influence such variations.

7.4 Natural Selection

• Organisms with certain traits are better suited to survive in their specific environments.
• Those characteristics that help organisms survive and reproduce are more common in the population.
• Over time, populations adapt to their environments through natural selection.

8.1 Measuring the Rate of Reaction

• Rate of reaction is measured by tracking changes over time (e.g., color change, gas production, pH alterations).
• Various factors affect reaction rates (e.g., temperature, surface area, and concentration).

8.2 Surface Area and Rate of Reaction

• Increasing surface area speeds up reactions by creating more contact between reacting particles.
• Smaller particles have a greater surface area compared to larger ones.

8.3 Temperature and Rate of Reaction

• Temperature affects the average energy of reacting particles.
• Higher temperatures lead to faster reactions due to increased particle collisions with greater energy.

8.4 Concentration and Rate of Reaction

• Increased concentration means more reactant particles per unit volume.
• Higher concentrations lead to faster reactions.

9.1 Parallel Circuits

• Current flows from negative to positive.
• A parallel circuit is one where current branches out.
• Two or more components are connected on separate branches to the power source.
• Multiple components in a circuit can be switched on or off independently
• Resistances in parallel are less than their individual values combined.

9.2 Current and Voltage in Parallel Circuits

• Total current equals the sum of the individual branch currents in a parallel circuit.
• Voltage remain the same across parallel components.

9.3 Resistance

• Electrical resistance is the opposition to current flow.
• Increasing resistance slows down current.
• Voltage is measured in volts, and current is measured in amps.
• Resistance calculates as voltage divided by current, and is measured in ohms.

9.4 Practical Circuits

• Different circuit diagrams can be constructed in parallel and in series with various components.

Test your knowledge on photosynthesis with this quiz. Explore the process by which plants convert sunlight into chemical energy and understand the importance of reactants in this essential biological function. Challenge yourself with questions that also delve into the similarities between photosynthesis and respiration.