Biology Chapter on Translation Process

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What role does mRNA play in the translation process?

It catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds.
It brings amino acids to the ribosome.
It provides the template for codon sequence. (correct)
It acts as a structural component of ribosomes.

Which statement about tRNA is correct in the context of translation?

tRNA is involved in the synthesis of the ribosome.
tRNA releases the polypeptide chain upon binding to mRNA.
tRNA possesses anticodons that pair with mRNA codons. (correct)
tRNA molecules are not specific to particular amino acids.

During translation, which subunit of the ribosome first interacts with mRNA?

Only the large subunit binds first.
Both subunits bind simultaneously.
The ribosomal subunits do not bind to mRNA.
The small subunit binds to mRNA. (correct)

What process occurs after a tRNA molecule has brought a new amino acid to the ribosome?

An enzyme forms a peptide bond with the previous amino acid. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the direction in which mRNA is read during translation?

5'→3' (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the central dogma of molecular biology?

DNA to RNA to proteins (A) Signup and view all the answers

Mendelian genetics only involves dominant and recessive traits.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are genes and what is their primary function?

Genes are segments of DNA that hold instructions for building and maintaining an organism. Signup and view all the answers

The technique used to modify or manipulate genes to create genetically modified organisms is called __________.

genetic engineering Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is a type of genetic variation?

Mutations in DNA sequences (C) Signup and view all the answers

Match the following genetic concepts with their definitions:

Genetic disorder = A condition caused by mutations or chromosomal abnormalities CRISPR-Cas9 = A technology for targeted gene manipulation Incomplete dominance = A pattern of inheritance where neither allele is completely dominant Polygenic inheritance = A trait controlled by multiple genes Signup and view all the answers

Environmental factors have no influence on phenotype expression.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of genetic diversity in populations?

Genetic diversity within and among populations plays a key role in evolutionary processes. Signup and view all the answers

Translation

The process of translating genetic code contained within mRNA into a specific polypeptide chain.

Ribosome

A complex of RNA and proteins that reads mRNA and assembles amino acids into a polypeptide chain.

Codon

A three-nucleotide sequence on mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid.

tRNA

A molecule that carries a specific amino acid to the ribosome and binds to mRNA through complementary base pairing.