Biology Chapter on Translation Process
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Questions and Answers

What role does mRNA play in the translation process?

  • It catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds.
  • It brings amino acids to the ribosome.
  • It provides the template for codon sequence. (correct)
  • It acts as a structural component of ribosomes.
  • Which statement about tRNA is correct in the context of translation?

  • tRNA is involved in the synthesis of the ribosome.
  • tRNA releases the polypeptide chain upon binding to mRNA.
  • tRNA possesses anticodons that pair with mRNA codons. (correct)
  • tRNA molecules are not specific to particular amino acids.
  • During translation, which subunit of the ribosome first interacts with mRNA?

  • Only the large subunit binds first.
  • Both subunits bind simultaneously.
  • The ribosomal subunits do not bind to mRNA.
  • The small subunit binds to mRNA. (correct)
  • What process occurs after a tRNA molecule has brought a new amino acid to the ribosome?

    <p>An enzyme forms a peptide bond with the previous amino acid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the direction in which mRNA is read during translation?

    <p>5'→3'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the central dogma of molecular biology?

    <p>DNA to RNA to proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mendelian genetics only involves dominant and recessive traits.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are genes and what is their primary function?

    <p>Genes are segments of DNA that hold instructions for building and maintaining an organism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The technique used to modify or manipulate genes to create genetically modified organisms is called __________.

    <p>genetic engineering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is a type of genetic variation?

    <p>Mutations in DNA sequences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following genetic concepts with their definitions:

    <p>Genetic disorder = A condition caused by mutations or chromosomal abnormalities CRISPR-Cas9 = A technology for targeted gene manipulation Incomplete dominance = A pattern of inheritance where neither allele is completely dominant Polygenic inheritance = A trait controlled by multiple genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Environmental factors have no influence on phenotype expression.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of genetic diversity in populations?

    <p>Genetic diversity within and among populations plays a key role in evolutionary processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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