Biology Chapter on Reproduction and Adolescence

Asexual Reproduction

• Asexual reproduction relies on mitosis.
• Mitosis creates two identical daughter cells from one parent cell.
• No sex cells or mate is needed.
• Offspring inherit genetic information from only one parent.

Sexual Reproduction

• Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of gametes (eggs and sperm).
• Gametes (eggs and sperm) are produced through meiosis.
• Meiosis reduces the number of chromosomes to half the original count.
• A zygote is formed when the egg and sperm unite.
• The zygote develops into a new organism.

Adolescence

• Follows infancy and childhood growth stages.
• Typically occurs between ages 8-13 (girls) and 9-15 (boys).
• Marks the transition to adulthood as the body stops growing.
• A complex process controlled by the endocrine system.

Puberty

• Initiated by the pituitary gland.
• The pituitary gland releases hormones into the bloodstream.
• Hormones affect growth, sexual development, and metabolism.
• In boys, hormones target testes to produce testosterone.
• In girls, hormones target ovaries to produce estrogen.

Ovulation and Menstruation

• Ovulation is the release of a mature egg from the ovary.
• The egg travels down the fallopian tube to await fertilization.
• Menstruation is the shedding of the uterine lining.
• Menstruation typically lasts 3-5 days.
• Menstrual blood flows from the uterus, through the cervix, and out the vagina.

Puberty Changes

• Growth spurts are common during puberty.
• Sweat glands become more active, leading to new body odors.
• Mood swings and skin changes are also typical.

This quiz covers essential concepts of asexual and sexual reproduction, including the processes of mitosis and meiosis. It also explores the stages of adolescence and puberty, detailing hormonal changes and growth transitions. Test your knowledge on these fundamental biological processes!