Biology Chapter on Protein Structure
20 Questions
4 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the basic unit of proteins?

  • Amino acid (correct)
  • Nucleotide
  • Fatty acid
  • Carbohydrate

Which of the following is NOT a level of protein structure?

  • Primary
  • Secondary
  • Hexagonal (correct)
  • Tertiary

What type of bond links amino acids together in a protein?

  • Peptide bond (correct)
  • Ionic bond
  • Disulfide bridge
  • Hydrogen bond

Which group of amino acids is typically found in the R group?

<p>Hydrophobic group (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What describes the secondary structure of proteins?

<p>Folding of alpha helices (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the initiation codon?

<p>It starts the process of protein synthesis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the genetic code described as degenerate?

<p>Multiple codons can specify the same amino acid. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What feature of the reading frame affects how codons are interpreted?

<p>It dictates that codons are read in groups of three nucleotides. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases?

<p>They charge tRNA with the correct amino acid. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes nonsense codons?

<p>They specify no amino acid. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is required for the initiation of translation in eukaryotes?

<p>5' cap and 3' cap (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which site in the ribosome is responsible for tRNA losing its amino acid?

<p>Exit site (E) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the codons that signal termination in translation?

<p>UAA, UAG, UGA (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What begins the amino acid sequence during translation?

<p>Met (Methionine) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a post-translational modification of proteins?

<p>Peptide bond formation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of tRNA during translation?

<p>To bring amino acids to the ribosome (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many subunits compose eukaryotic ribosomes?

<p>Two subunits of 60S and 40S (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is NOT required for the process of translation?

<p>Nucleus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Shine-Dalgarno sequence in prokaryotic initiation?

<p>It promotes ribosome binding to mRNA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes prokaryotic ribosomes from eukaryotic ribosomes?

<p>Prokaryotic ribosomes consist of fewer subunits (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Amino acid structure

An organic molecule with an amino group, carboxyl group, and a variable R-group bonded to a central carbon atom.

Peptide bond

The chemical bond connecting amino acids in a polypeptide chain.

Protein Translation

The process of converting mRNA into a sequence of amino acids forming a protein.

Primary Protein Structure

The linear sequence of amino acids in a protein.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Secondary Protein Structure

Local folding of the polypeptide chain into structures like alpha-helices.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Codon

A sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Start Codon

The mRNA codon (AUG) that signals the beginning of protein synthesis.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Reading Frame

The way a sequence of nucleotides is read in groups of three to determine the order of amino acids in a protein.

Signup and view all the flashcards

tRNA

Transfer RNA; molecule that carries amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases

Enzymes that attach the correct amino acid to its corresponding tRNA.

Signup and view all the flashcards

tRNA Wobble

The ability of some tRNA's to recognize multiple codons due to flexibility in the third base pairing position. This allows for fewer tRNA's to decode the genetic code.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Eukaryotic Ribosomes

Larger ribosomes found in eukaryotes, composed of a 60S and a 40S subunit. They are responsible for protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Prokaryotic Ribosomes

Smaller ribosomes found in prokaryotes, composed of a 50S and a 30S subunit. They are essential for protein synthesis in bacteria.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Shine-Dalgarno Sequence

A sequence of nucleotides near the start codon in bacterial mRNA that helps the ribosome identify the correct start site for translation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Initiation Factors

Proteins that help initiate the translation process in prokaryotes. They bind to the mRNA, ribosome, and initiator tRNA to set up the complex for translation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Eukaryotic Translation Initiation

The process of starting protein synthesis in eukaryotes, requiring a 5' cap and 3' poly(A) tail on the mRNA.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ribosome Sites

The ribosome has three sites: A (aminoacyl) for tRNA carrying amino acids, P (peptidyl) for growing polypeptide chain, and E (exit) for tRNA release.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Elongation Factors

Proteins that assist in the elongation phase of translation in eukaryotes, such as $T_a$, $T_s$, and $G_a$.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Translation Termination

The process of ending protein synthesis, triggered by stop codons (UAA, UAG, UGA) which signal release factors to bind to the A site.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Post-Translational Modifications

Changes made to a protein after translation, such as adding carbohydrates or lipids.

Signup and view all the flashcards

More Like This

Proteins and Translation Review: Structure & Function
10 questions

Proteins and Translation Review: Structure & Function

FamousPeninsula avatar
FamousPeninsula
Protein Translation Chapter
11 questions

Protein Translation Chapter

SpiritualAphorism avatar
SpiritualAphorism
Biology: Building Proteins and Structure
24 questions

Biology: Building Proteins and Structure

RefreshedPrologue avatar
RefreshedPrologue
Amino Acids & Proteins Overview
10 questions

Amino Acids & Proteins Overview

LuxuriantCarnelian8028 avatar
LuxuriantCarnelian8028
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser