Biology Chapter on Photosynthesis and Inheritance

Study Notes

Light-Dependent Reactions

The primary function of the light-dependent reactions is to capture light energy and convert it into chemical energy, specifically in the form of ATP and NADPH.
These molecules are then used in the Calvin cycle, the second stage of photosynthesis, to produce sugar.

Non-Mendelian Inheritance

Non-Mendelian patterns of inheritance deviate from the traditional Mendelian principles of inheritance.
They often involve multiple genes, complex interactions, or environmental factors that influence the expression of traits.

Alveoli

The alveoli play a crucial role in gas exchange within the respiratory system.
They are tiny air sacs with a thin wall that facilitates the diffusion of oxygen from the inhaled air into the bloodstream and carbon dioxide from the blood into the alveoli to be exhaled.

Atria

In the cardiovascular system, the atria are chambers of the heart that receive blood from the body (right atrium) and the lungs (left atrium).
They are responsible for pumping blood into the ventricles, which then pump it out to the rest of the body.

Calvin Cycle

The Calvin Cycle is the second stage of photosynthesis, and it takes place in the stroma of chloroplasts.
It uses the energy stored in ATP and NADPH, produced during the light-dependent reactions, to convert carbon dioxide into glucose.
This process is also known as carbon fixation.

Description

Test your knowledge on key biological concepts related to photosynthesis, including the light-dependent reactions and the Calvin Cycle. Additionally, explore fundamental aspects of inheritance patterns and the role of alveoli and atria in the respiratory and cardiovascular systems.