Biology Chapter on Osmosis and Organisms

<p>Plasmolysis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Osmophile (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cell gains water and may burst. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cell loses water and shrinks. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water moves in and out of the cell at equal rates. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It undergoes plasmolysis and may wilt. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When in an isotonic solution. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A substance that kills or inhibits the growth of microorganisms on living tissue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To determine the effectiveness of the antiseptic against bacteria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Soaking filter paper disks in antiseptic and placing them on agar plates to observe zone of inhibition. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To reduce or eliminate microbial load on living tissues (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Higher concentrations can cause tissue damage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are applied only to non-living surfaces (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Color of the solution (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ethyl alcohol and halogens (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are aimed at eliminating contamination on non-living surfaces (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Their chemical properties and structure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Producing a toxic gas (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To treat bacterial infections (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Concentration of the antibiotic (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By disrupting cell wall synthesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sensitivity testing is only necessary for viral infections. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antibiotics are derived from natural sources, whereas antimicrobics can be synthetic or semi-synthetic. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An antibiotic that can kill both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It specifically targets only a few types of bacteria. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Effective concentration can vary depending on the type of pathogen treated. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can disrupt normal flora in the body. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To catalyze biochemical reactions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enzymes secreted outside the cell to break down substrates (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fermentation produces energy without oxygen, while oxidation requires it (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They catalyze reactions inside the cell (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A way to generate energy in the absence of oxygen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The sum of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It acts as a color indicator for pH changes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>MR-VP broth and phenol red broth. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The release of gas bubbles. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pseudomonas. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It confirms the bacterium can detoxify harmful hydrogen peroxide. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The smallest unit of a concept that can be understood and memorized

Active recall enhances memory better than rereading.

Building new knowledge upon previous concepts.

Technique to aid in information recall.

Learning tool with a question on one side; answer on the other.

Brief, clear explanation of a concept.

Actively trying to remember information

The most essential ideas in a topic.

Detailed, individual core concepts

Memory aiding techniques.

Organism that thrives in high salt concentrations.

Organism that thrives in high sugar concentrations.

Solution with higher solute concentration than a cell.

Solution with lower solute concentration than a cell.

Cell membrane pulling away from the cell wall due to water loss.

Water moves out of the cell, causing it to shrink.

Water moves into the cell, causing it to swell.

Water moves in and out of the cell at equal rates, no change in size.

A cell loses water and shrinks.

A cell gains water and swells.

Antiseptics prevent infection on living tissues by inhibiting or killing microorganisms without necessarily sterilizing, reducing microbial load.

Disinfectants prevent or control infections on non-living surfaces by killing or inhibiting microorganisms, reducing contamination.

The specific amount needed for an antiseptic or disinfectant to be effective, varying by the agent, microbe target, and organic matter, expressed as percentages or dilutions.

Antiseptics have lower effective concentrations than disinfectants due to potential tissue damage at higher concentrations.

Disinfectants can tolerate higher concentrations due to their application on inanimate objects, can be effective over a range of concentrations.

Common antiseptic types include alcohols (ethyl, isopropyl), halogens (chlorine, iodine), and phenols.

Common disinfectant types include bleach (sodium hypochlorite), quaternary ammonium compounds, and aldehydes (glutaraldehyde).

Contact time, temperature, and the material being treated affect the effectiveness of antiseptics and disinfectants, concentration must be adjusted accordingly.

Drugs that kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria.

A lab technique to determine which antibiotics are effective against a specific bacteria.

The Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method measures bacterial sensitivity to different antibiotics.

A lab technique used to find best antibiotic to kill or stop growth of bacteria.

The prevention of bacteria multiplication caused by resistance to antibiotics.

Antibiotics target bacteria specifically; antimicrobics target a broader range of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses.

An antibiotic that is effective against a limited range of bacteria.

An antibiotic effective against a wide variety of bacteria.

Specific processes in bacterial cells, like their cell wall construction or protein synthesis.

Interfering with bacterial growth, often by inhibiting the synthesis of vital compounds for bacteria.

The sum of all chemical reactions in a living organism, including building (anabolism) and breaking down (catabolism) molecules.

Biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in living organisms.

Enzymes that function inside the cell that produces them.

Enzymes that function outside the cell that produces them.

A chemical reaction where a substance loses electrons.

Tests used to identify bacteria based on their ability to ferment sugars, producing acid and gas.

A test that identifies bacteria based on the production of various acids (like lactic, acetic, formic acid) during sugar fermentation.

A test determining if a bacteria produces the enzyme catalase, which breaks down hydrogen peroxide.

A test to detect bacteria that contain the enzyme cytochrome c oxidase, involved in electron transport

Groups of bacteria that possess the enzyme cytochrome c oxidase, which is involved in electron transport.