Biology Chapter on Nephrons and Homeostasis

The process by which a constant internal environment is maintained regardless of changes in the external environment.

A feedback loop where the system only works when the desired condition is not met.

The part of the homeostatic system that detects changes in the internal environment.

The part of the homeostatic system that analyzes the information from the monitor and triggers the necessary response.

The part of the homeostatic system that carries out the response to restore the desired internal state.

Maintaining a stable internal body temperature despite external changes.

Maintaining the balance of fluids in the body.

Maintaining a stable blood sugar level.

The initial filtering unit of the nephron, responsible for separating waste products and water from the blood.

A network of tiny blood vessels within the Bowman's Capsule, acting like a sieve to filter blood.

The liquid that passes through the Bowman's Capsule into the nephron tubules.

A long, twisted tube connected to the Bowman's Capsule that reabsorbs nutrients and water back into the blood.

Part of the nephron tubule that descends into the kidney medulla, playing a role in water and salt balance.

The section of the nephron tubule after the loop of Henle, regulating electrolyte balance and concentrating urine.

A large pipe-like channel receiving fluid from nephrons and concentrating urine before it's excreted.

The process by which the kidneys filter waste products and water from the blood.

The network of capillaries that surround the nephron tubules, exchanging substances with the tubular fluid.

The process by which certain substances are moved from the blood into the tubular fluid.

The movement of water from a region of high water concentration to a region of low water concentration.

A tube in the kidney that connects the Loop of Henle to the collecting duct.

The process by which water moves from the tubular fluid back into the blood.

A waste product produced by the body and filtered by the kidneys.

A waste product produced by the body and filtered by the kidneys.

The space between the presynaptic neuron (which sends the signal) and the postsynaptic neuron (which receives the signal).

Neurons communicate with each other using chemical messengers called neurotransmitters.

Specialized proteins on the postsynaptic neuron that bind to neurotransmitters, triggering a response.

The process of releasing neurotransmitters from the presynaptic neuron into the synaptic cleft.

Specialized structures within the presynaptic neuron that store and release neurotransmitters.

The first step in neurotransmission, where neurotransmitters are created within the neuron.

The process by which sodium ions rush into the neuron, causing its electrical charge to become positive.

The process by which potassium ions leave the neuron after depolarization, making the internal charge more negative than the resting potential.

A hormone that stimulates the production of sperm cells in men and the growth of egg cells in women.

A hormone that triggers the production of estrogen in both men and women.

A hormone that helps your body conserve water, preventing dehydration.

The release of GnRH triggers the anterior pituitary gland to release FSH and LH.

Hormones like FSH and LH can trigger the release of other hormones, creating a feedback loop that helps maintain hormonal balance in the body.

The process by which an egg is fertilized by sperm.

During pregnancy, the placenta takes over the production of estrogen and progesterone, supporting the pregnancy.

During pregnancy, the placenta produces more estrogen and progesterone, signaling the body to stop releasing LH and FSH.

The frontal lobe is responsible for higher-level cognitive functions like planning, decision-making, problem-solving, and personality. It also plays a role in language, memory, and motor control.

The parietal lobe is involved in processing sensory information, including touch, temperature, pain, and pressure. It also helps with spatial awareness and navigation.

The temporal lobe is responsible for processing auditory information, including hearing, language comprehension, and memory. It also plays a role in emotion and facial recognition.

The occipital lobe is primarily responsible for processing visual information, including sight, color, and depth perception.

The cerebellum is involved in coordinating movement, balance, and posture. It also helps fine-tune motor skills, making movements smooth and precise.

The spinal cord is a long bundle of nerves that extends from the brain down the back. It transmits signals between the brain and the rest of the body, allowing for movement, sensation, and reflexes.

The central lobule, the superior cerebellar peduncle, and the lingula are parts of the cerebellum.

The cerebellar cortex is the outer layer of the cerebellum, responsible for processing information from the brain and body, helping to coordinate and refine movements.