Biology Chapter on Molecules and Transport

Movement of Molecules

• Molecules move from areas of high concentration to low concentration.
• This process is called diffusion.
• Osmosis is the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
• Active transport moves molecules against their concentration gradient.

Experiments

• A good experiment yields a correct result and allows testing of hypotheses.
• Hypotheses can be confirmed with certainty through experiments.

Lipase Enzymes

• Lipase enzymes break down lipids.

Ratios of Elements in Formulas

• Empirical formulas show the simplest whole-number ratio of elements in a compound.
• Molecular formulas show the actual number of each type of atom in a molecule.

Chemical Formulas

• NaCl is the formula for sodium chloride (table salt).
• Glucose and sugar are different names for the same substance.

Rest and Motion

• Rest and motion are states that are relative to an observer. This means rest or motion are not absolute concepts.

Cellular Respiration

• Cellular respiration primarily occurs in the mitochondria and cytoplasm of cells.

Species Extinction

• A species is considered extinct when the last individual dies.

Plasma

• Plasma is a good conductor.

Heat Transfer

• Convection is heat transfer due to the actual movement of the medium particles (liquids and gases).

Energy

• Kinetic energy is the energy of motion.
• Potential energy is the energy of position.

Heat Transfer Methods

• The process of heat transfer by the actual movement of medium particles is called convection.

Units

• The SI unit of distance is the meter.

Insulation

• Air is the best material for insulation. Fiber glass is also a good insulator.

Acceleration

• Acceleration is positive when the velocity of an object is increasing.

Human Eye Resolution

• The resolution of the human eye is 0.1 millimeter.

Methods of Heat Transmission

• There are three basic methods of heat transfer: conduction, convection, and radiation.

Photosynthesis

• Photosynthesis is an anabolic process.

Viruses

• Viruses are not classified in any kingdom because they are not considered organisms.

Change in Position

• A change in an object's position is referred to as displacement.

Endangered Species

• An endangered species is one in which the last member of that particular species dies, hence is considered extinct.

Uniform Motion in a Circle

• If a car moves in a circle with a uniform speed, its velocity is variable.

Methods of Heat Transfer

• There are three basic methods of heat transfer: conduction, convection, and radiation.

Density Unit

• The unit of density is kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m³).

Temperature Measurement

• Meteorologists use thermometers to measure air temperature.

Energy

• Energy possessed by a body due to its motion is called kinetic energy.

Elasticity

• A solid object is elastic below the elastic limit.

Earth's Atmosphere

• Earth's atmosphere is held in place by gravity.

Human Scientific Name

• The scientific name of a human being is Homo sapiens.

Weather

• Stormy weather is associated with dark clouds, rain, and thunder.

Acceleration

• Uniform velocity means zero acceleration.

Slope of a Velocity-Time Graph

• The slope of a velocity-time graph represents acceleration.

Organization of Cells

• Cells performing similar functions group together into tissues.

Binomial Nomenclature

• The second word in binomial nomenclature is species.

Effusion

• Effusion is the leaking of a gas through a small hole.

Forces

• Work is the product of force and distance.

Forces Acting on a Falling Object

• Both Earth and the mango attract each other.

Work Conditions

• For work to be done, one condition must be satisfied: force must move over a distance.

Physics Topics

• Study of motion is called mechanics.

Compound Elements

• NaCl (sodium chloride) is a compound composed of sodium and chlorine.

States of Matter

• An ionic state of matter is plasma.

Sharing of Electrons

• Double covalent bonds are formed by sharing two pairs of electrons between atoms.