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Questions and Answers
Which characteristic is unique to mammals compared to other animal groups?
Which characteristic is unique to mammals compared to other animal groups?
What is a common feature of reptiles?
What is a common feature of reptiles?
Which group of organisms is characterized by a cell wall made of pseudopeptidoglycan?
Which group of organisms is characterized by a cell wall made of pseudopeptidoglycan?
What is a distinguishing trait of amphibians?
What is a distinguishing trait of amphibians?
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Which feature is characteristic of eukaryotes compared to bacteria and archaea?
Which feature is characteristic of eukaryotes compared to bacteria and archaea?
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Which characteristic distinguishes Eukarya from Bacteria and Archaea?
Which characteristic distinguishes Eukarya from Bacteria and Archaea?
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What is the primary function of tissues in multicellular organisms?
What is the primary function of tissues in multicellular organisms?
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How can organisms be related to one another?
How can organisms be related to one another?
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Which of the following is NOT a taxonomic ranking?
Which of the following is NOT a taxonomic ranking?
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What distinguishes the cell wall composition of Archaea from Bacteria?
What distinguishes the cell wall composition of Archaea from Bacteria?
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In the context of binomial nomenclature, how should the species name be formatted?
In the context of binomial nomenclature, how should the species name be formatted?
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What type of environment can Eukarya organisms generally thrive in?
What type of environment can Eukarya organisms generally thrive in?
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Which of the following statements about offspring from different species is true?
Which of the following statements about offspring from different species is true?
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What is the formula for calculating total magnification on a light microscope?
What is the formula for calculating total magnification on a light microscope?
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What is a primary advantage of using an electron microscope?
What is a primary advantage of using an electron microscope?
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Which statement is true regarding light microscopes?
Which statement is true regarding light microscopes?
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If the objective lens power is 60x, what is the total magnification of the microscope?
If the objective lens power is 60x, what is the total magnification of the microscope?
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What type of organisms are prokaryotes?
What type of organisms are prokaryotes?
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What are the disadvantages of electron microscopes compared to light microscopes?
What are the disadvantages of electron microscopes compared to light microscopes?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of unicellular organisms?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of unicellular organisms?
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For a microscope with a power of the objective lens at 50x, what would the total magnification be if the eyepiece lens is 10x?
For a microscope with a power of the objective lens at 50x, what would the total magnification be if the eyepiece lens is 10x?
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Study Notes
Calculating Magnification
- Multiply the power of the objective lens by the power of the eyepiece lens to find the total magnification.
Microscope Types
- Light microscopes use a beam of light to view specimens.
- Electron microscopes use a beam of electrons to view specimens.
- Light microscopes have a maximum magnification of around 1500x.
- Electron microscopes have a maximum magnification of around 1,000,000x.
- Electron microscopes provide higher resolution and magnification but can only view dead specimens.
- Light microscopes are cheaper, portable, and can view live specimens.
Resolution
- Resolution is the ability to distinguish between two points that are close together.
- Higher resolution means more detail can be seen.
Organization of Life
- Unicellular organisms are made up of a single cell.
- Multicellular organisms are made up of many cells.
- Organelles are the components of cells.
- Cells are the basic building blocks of living organisms.
- Tissue is a group of cells working together to perform the same function.
- Organ is a group of tissues working together to perform the same function.
- Organ system is a group of organs working together to perform the same function.
- Organism is a complete living thing made up of all the different levels of organization.
Prokaryotes
- Have no nucleus.
- Very old life forms (only unicellular).
Eukaryotes
- Have a nucleus.
- Can be either unicellular or multicellular.
Domains of Life
-
Bacteria:
- Unicellular.
- Prokaryotic.
- No membrane-bound organelles.
- Have ribosomes.
- Cell wall made of peptidoglycan.
- Cell membrane made of fatty acids.
- Can cause disease.
- Thrive in non-harsh environments.
- Circular chromosome.
-
Archaea:
- Unicellular.
- Prokaryotic.
- No membrane-bound organelles.
- Have ribosomes.
- Cell wall made of pseudopeptidoglycan.
- Cell membrane made of isoprene chains.
- Doesn't cause disease.
- Can live in very harsh environments.
- Circular chromosome.
-
Eukarya:
- Multicellular and unicellular.
- Eukaryotic.
- Membrane-bound organelles.
- Have ribosomes.
- Cell wall made of cellulose in plants and absent in animal cells.
- Cell membrane made of phospholipids.
- Can cause disease.
- Non-harsh environment.
- Linear chromosomes.
- Named by Carl von Linneaus.
Binomial Nomenclature
- Two names: genus and species.
- Written in italics or underlined.
- The first word (genus) is capitalized.
- The second word (species) is lowercase.
- Example: Homo sapiens
Taxonomic Hierarchy
- A system for classifying organisms into increasingly specific groups.
- From most general to most specific:
- Domain
- Kingdom
- Phylum
- Class
- Order
- Family
- Genus
- Species
Variation within Species
- Differences between individuals of the same species.
- Example: dog breeds.
Determining Relatedness
- Organisms can be compared based on:
- Genetics
- Form
- Behavior
- Geography
Genome
- The complete set of genes in an organism.
- Comparing genomes can determine relatedness between organisms.
- Genomes can also reveal evolutionary relationships and divergence times between species.
Classification of Kingdoms
-
Mammals:
- Hair or fur.
- Give birth to live young.
- Mammal mothers nurse their young with milk.
- Have lungs and need air to breathe.
- Warm-blooded.
-
Reptiles:
- Have scales.
- Dry skin.
- Usually lay eggs but sometimes give birth to live young.
- Have ear holes instead of ears.
- Have four legs or no legs.
- Cold-blooded.
-
Birds:
- Feathers.
- Wings.
- Two legs.
- Ear holes instead of ears.
- Warm-blooded.
- Lay eggs.
-
Amphibians:
- Live on land and in water.
- Webbed feet.
- Breathe with lungs and gills.
- Moist, smooth skin (no hair).
- Four legs or sometimes none.
- Lay many eggs.
- Cold-blooded.
-
Fish:
- Breathe underwater (gills, not lungs).
- Live in water.
- Scales and fins (no hair).
- Lay many eggs.
- Cold-blooded.
Key Characteristics of Domains
-
Archaea:
- Cell wall made of pseudopeptidoglycan.
- Circular chromosome.
- No nucleus.
- No cytoplasm.
- No mitochondria or other membrane-bound organelles.
- Unicellular with a limited range of cell shapes.
-
Bacteria:
- Cell wall made of peptidoglycan.
- Circular chromosome.
- No nucleus.
- No cytoplasm.
- No mitochondria or other membrane-bound organelles.
- Unicellular with a limited range of cell shapes.
-
Eukaryotes:
- Cell wall made of cellulose or chitin when present.
- Linear chromosome.
- Nucleus present.
- Mitochondria and other membrane-bound organelles are present.
- Unicellular or multicellular with a huge range of cell shapes.
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Description
Explore the fascinating world of microscopy and the organization of life in this quiz. Test your knowledge of light and electron microscopes, their magnification powers, and the distinction between unicellular and multicellular organisms. Delve into the details of cell structure and resolution.
