Biology Chapter on Macronutrients and Micronutrients

<p>Sodium and Potassium. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Facilitating the synthesis of nucleic acids. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nutrients can be synthesized by the organism, whereas essential nutrients cannot. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Most mammals can synthesize Vitamin C internally, while humans lack this ability. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Macromineral: Calcium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By acting as co-factors that bind to the enzyme and are required for proper function. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduced activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The human body maintaining a stable internal temperature despite external temperature changes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adaptation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increasing in size through cell division and differentiation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It changes form but is neither created nor destroyed. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>response to stimuli. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Catabolism increases entropy by breaking down large molecules into smaller ones. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can form a wide variety of complex molecules through stable covalent bonds. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is the common energy currency for performing various biological functions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A population of insects developing resistance to a pesticide over several generations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anabolism appears to contradict the second law because it organizes small molecules into larger, more ordered structures. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anabolism builds complex molecules from simpler ones, while catabolism breaks down complex molecules into simpler ones. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chemical energy (ATP) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It serves as a solvent for many biological molecules and participates in many biochemical reactions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbon dioxide and water (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Energy flows from hot to cold, extracting work in the process. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Minerals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Biomolecules → Cell → Tissue → Organism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The organism uses glucose for energy and stores information as DNA. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metabolism within the cell (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is still considered life because reproduction is not the only defining characteristic. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Catabolism breaks down substances, providing energy for anabolism to synthesize new substances. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An organism that uses a process that violates the laws of thermodynamics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Organism Y, because its ability to metabolize and reproduce aligns with the conventional definitions of life. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It would expand the definition of 'life' to include organisms with diverse molecular compositions but similar functional characteristics. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It increases the entropy of the universe through the release of waste heat. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To enable more efficient energy transfer and utilization for diverse cellular processes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ATP is produced during cellular respiration, converting energy from the initial source into a usable form. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enzymes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Monomers are single units that can join to form larger molecules like polymers. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>4-50 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Polymers form when monomers join through covalent bonds. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Formed through ionic bonds. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Polymer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbohydrates primarily provide energy, while proteins perform diverse functions including enzymatic catalysis and structural support. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Life maintains a higher rate of building up than breaking down, leading to an increase in size and complexity.

Life regulates its internal environment to maintain a constant state despite external changes.

Life reacts in the short term to changes in the environment.

Life has the long-term ability to evolve and adjust to environmental changes.

All life forms are based on carbon, which is fundamental in biology.

All living organisms depend on water for survival.

Life uses DNA and RNA to store the blueprint of an organism.

The combination of catabolism (breaking down) and anabolism (building up) in a living organism.

Fundamental characteristics that define all forms of life, based on molecular biology.

Principles that describe energy movement and its transformations.

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.

In every energy transfer, entropy (disorder) of a closed system increases.

Adenosine triphosphate; the primary energy currency of living cells.

The metabolic process of building larger molecules from smaller units, requiring energy.

The conversion of energy from food into usable forms, such as ATP.

A measure of disorder in a system; high entropy indicates more disorder.

ATP is the common energy currency within cells that transfers energy in metabolism.

ATP is produced via photosynthesis in plants and cellular respiration in animals.

Essential molecules in life, including carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.

The simplest form of biomolecule; a single unit that can form larger molecules.

A molecule formed by two monomers joined together.

A molecule consisting of a few monomers, typically 2-50 units.

A large biomolecule made of repeating monomer units, often containing hundreds to thousands of units.

Substances that provide nourishment essential for growth and the maintenance of life, often biomolecules.

Different types of work performed by ATP, including muscle contraction and maintaining gradients.

Nutrient that cannot be synthesized by the body and must be obtained from diet.

Nutrient required in small amounts, such as vitamins and microminerals.

Nutrient required in large amounts, like carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids.

Organic compounds that act as co-factors for enzymes to function effectively.

Trace minerals needed in small amounts, e.g., iron, zinc.

Minerals needed in larger amounts, such as calcium and potassium.

Life is organized at the molecular level and exhibits characteristics unique to living organisms.

A molecule is a group of atoms bonded together; in biochemistry, molecules form the basis of life.

All life forms obey thermodynamics, use ATP, and consist of similar biomolecules.

All living organisms use glucose as a primary energy source.

All life forms store their genetic information in DNA.

Life is organized into cells, which are the basic units of living organisms.