Biology Chapter on Human Tissues
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Questions and Answers

The normal count of ______ is between 4000-11000.

WBCs

The function of red blood cells (RBCs) is ______ exchange.

gaseous

The primary location of cartilage is in the ______.

trachea

Smooth muscles are located in the wall of the ______ system.

<p>digestive</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the patient has a WBC count of 90000, this may indicate ______.

<p>blood cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cardiac muscles help with ______ pumping.

<p>blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

Bone marrow produces new ______.

<p>cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fibro-cartilage is located between tendons and ______.

<p>bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

Histology is a ______ science

<p>tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

Epithelial tissues are always found covering a ______

<p>surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

The simplest type of epithelial tissue consists of ______ layer of cells

<p>one</p> Signup and view all the answers

Connective tissues do not cover ______

<p>surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

Adipose connective tissue is located ______ skin

<p>under</p> Signup and view all the answers

The biggest one of the blood cells is called ______ blood cells

<p>white</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cuboidal epithelial tissue is primarily found in ______ and kidneys

<p>glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

Skeletal connective tissue includes ______

<p>bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structural feature of alveoli contributes to efficient gaseous exchange?

<p>Fluid lining allowing gas dissolution (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the diaphragm in the respiratory system?

<p>Controlling breathing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle groups are responsible for aiding ventilation during breathing?

<p>Internal and external intercostal muscles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the larynx?

<p>Preventing food and fluid from entering the respiratory passages (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the ribs in relation to the lungs?

<p>Protecting lungs and aiding ventilation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the trachea primarily conduct air?

<p>To the lungs through the bronchi (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the arytenoid cartilages from the other laryngeal cartilages?

<p>They influence the position and tension of the vocal folds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of epithelium lines the majority of the larynx?

<p>Pseudo-compound ciliated epithelium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the large surface area of the alveoli?

<p>It enhances the absorption of oxygen during gas exchange (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure connects the pharynx to the trachea?

<p>Larynx (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structural element allows for the passage of essential bodily functions through the diaphragm?

<p>Openings for the aorta and esophagus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the anatomical significance of the incomplete rings in the trachea?

<p>They provide flexibility for food to pass into the esophagus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary material that forms the skeleton of the larynx?

<p>Hyaline cartilage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the respiratory system does NOT participate in gas exchange?

<p>Bronchi (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the airway is NOT commonly referred to as the voice box?

<p>Nasopharynx (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do the alveoli primarily function in?

<p>Gas exchange between oxygen and carbon dioxide (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the alveoli in the respiratory system?

<p>To filter oxygen from the air into the blood (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the function of the intercostal muscles during inhalation?

<p>They contract to elevate the ribcage and expand the thoracic cavity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mechanism best describes the exchange of gases in the alveoli?

<p>Diffusion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the diaphragm contribute to the process of ventilation?

<p>It moves downward to increase thoracic volume during inhalation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the median cricothyroid ligament?

<p>To connect the cricoid cartilage to the thyroid cartilage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the larynx during the process of swallowing?

<p>It rises to help the epiglottis close off the glottis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes external respiration from internal respiration?

<p>External respiration involves gas exchange, while internal focuses on energy production (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cartilage forms the epiglottis?

<p>Elastic cartilage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Epithelial Tissue

A tissue that covers surfaces and is always found covering surfaces. Cells rest on a basement membrane, and substances between the cells are minimal.

Simple Epithelial Tissue

A single layer of epithelial cells.

Compound Epithelial Tissue

Epithelial tissue composed of multiple layers of cells.

Connective Tissue

A tissue that does not cover surfaces; cells do not rest on a basement membrane, and substances between the cells are abundant.

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Adipose Tissue

A type of connective tissue that stores energy, provides insulation, and acts as a shock absorber.

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Fibrous Connective Tissue

Connects muscles to bones (tendons).

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Blood

A type of vascular connective tissue that contains blood cells (RBCs, WBCs), and platelets.

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Simple Squamous Epithelial Tissue

A single layer of flattened cells that is found lining the digestive system and protects its inner lining.

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What are the types of white blood cells?

There are five types of white blood cells, each with a specific shape and function. The shape of the nucleus distinguishes them.

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Where are white blood cells produced?

White blood cells are produced in the bone marrow, the soft tissue inside bones.

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Normal WBC count

The normal count of white blood cells in the blood is between 4000 and 11000 per microliter.

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WBC count and disease

Counting white blood cells can help diagnose diseases as abnormal counts can indicate infection or other conditions.

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What are red blood cells?

Red blood cells are tiny, disc-shaped cells without a nucleus, responsible for carrying oxygen throughout the body.

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Where are red blood cells produced?

Red blood cells are also produced in the bone marrow.

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What is the function of blood platelets?

Blood platelets are tiny cells responsible for blood clotting, preventing excessive bleeding.

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What is the main function of cartilage?

Cartilage provides support, flexibility, and cushioning in various parts of the body.

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Alveoli Structure

Alveoli have thin walls, large surface area, fluid lining, and many capillaries. This structure enables efficient gas exchange in the lungs.

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Ribs Function

Ribs protect the lungs, solidify the chest, and help with breathing.

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Intercostal Muscles

These muscles are located between the ribs and help with breathing.

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Diaphragm Function

The diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscle that controls breathing and separates the chest from the abdomen.

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Nasal Cavity

The nasal cavity contains the respiratory area, lined with ciliated epithelium and goblet cells.

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Larynx: Arytenoid Cartilages

These are important cartilages in the larynx that influence the position and tension of vocal folds.

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Larynx: Thyroid Cartilage

This forms the Adam’s apple and is usually larger in males than females.

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Larynx: Cricoid Cartilage

This ring-shaped cartilage forms the bottom of the larynx and attaches to the trachea.

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Cricothyroid Ligament

A ligament connecting the cricoid cartilage to the thyroid cartilage. It helps regulate vocal cord tension.

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Epiglottis Function

During swallowing, the epiglottis acts as a lid, closing off the glottis (opening to the windpipe) to prevent food from entering the lungs.

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Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscles

Muscles located entirely within the larynx. They control sound production, pitch, and volume.

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Extrinsic Laryngeal Muscles

Muscles that attach to the larynx from outside. They position the larynx in the trachea and help with swallowing.

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Trachea Structure

The trachea is composed of incomplete C-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage that keep it open, allowing for breathing.

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Cellular Respiration

Process that occurs within cells' mitochondria to release energy from food (glucose) in the form of ATP.

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Aerobic Respiration

Cellular respiration that requires oxygen. It yields the most energy (ATP) by breaking down glucose with oxygen.

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Anaerobic Respiration

Cellular respiration that happens without oxygen. It produces far less energy compared to aerobic respiration.

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What is the nasopharynx?

The upper part of the throat behind the nose, it's one of the three sections of the pharynx.

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What is the larynx?

The larynx, or voice box, is an organ in the neck containing the vocal cords.

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What is the trachea?

A tube about 20 cm long that conducts air to the lungs. Its walls contain C-shaped cartilage rings keeping it open.

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What is the primary function of the trachea?

To provide a clear airway for air to enter/exit the lungs.

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What role does the mucus in the trachea play?

It traps dust and other contaminants to prevent them from reaching the lungs.

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What are bronchi?

Tubular branches of the trachea that carry air into the lungs.

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What are bronchioles?

Smaller and smaller branches of bronchi, eventually leading to alveoli.

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What are alveoli?

Microscopic air sacs at the end of bronchioles where gas exchange occurs.

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Study Notes

Human Biology Objectives

  • Human Biology will cover fundamental concepts to build upon in Anatomy and Histology
  • Histology is the study of tissues

Tissue Structure

  • Tissue is made up of many cells working together for a specific function
  • There are four basic tissue types: epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous

Epithelial Tissue

  • Epithelial tissue covers surfaces
  • It rests on a basement membrane
  • Cells are tightly packed together, with minimal intercellular substance

Types of Epithelial Tissue

  • Simple epithelial tissue: consists of a single layer of cells. Shown as a single row of cells in the diagram.
  • Compound epithelial tissue: consists of more than one layer of cells. Diagram presented displays multiple cell layers.
  • Simple Squamous: flat, scale-like cells (Location: walls of digestive system; Function: Protection)
  • Cuboidal: cube-shaped cells (Location: Glands, kidneys; Function: Secretion)
  • Columnar: column-shaped cells (Location: Glands of stomach, villi of small intestine; Function: Absorption)
  • Compound Squamous: multiple layers of flat, scale-like cells; (Location: Skin, esophagus; Function: Protection)
  • Pseudo-stratified ciliated columnar: appears layered but actually all cells contact the basement membrane. (Location: Nose, trachea; Function: Protection against dust and germs)

Connective Tissue

  • Connective tissue does not cover surfaces
  • It does not rest on a basement membrane
  • Intercellular substance abundant

Types of Connective Tissue

  • Proper Connective Tissue:
    • Adipose: Stores energy, insulates, and is a shock absorber. (Location: under skin)
    • Elastic: Provides elasticity. (Location: Lungs, blood vessels, vocal cords.)
    • Fibrous: Connects muscles to bones (Location: Tendons)
    • Reticular: Provides support in areas like spleen and liver (Location: spleen, liver, bone marrow)
  • Vascular Connective Tissue: Blood
    • Blood Cells: Includes white blood cells (WBCs), red blood cells (RBCs), and platelets.
      • WBCs Location: Blood; Function: Defense mechanism. Larger than RBC's, have a nucleus & vary in shape. Normal count: 4000-11000; High counts may indicate disease like the flu (12,000) or leukemia (90,000). Low counts may indicate conditions like AIDS(HIV) or typhoid (1,000).
      • RBCs Location: Blood; Function: Gaseous exchange. Smaller than WBCs, disc-shaped, no nucleus, rich in hemoglobin. Lifespan: 90-120 days.
      • Platelets Location: Blood; Function: Clotting factors.

Skeletal Connective Tissue

  • Bone:
    • Compact bone: Allow movement, protection, support, and attachment; provides body shape, stores mineral (calcium), and produces blood cells (Location: Skeletal system)
    • Cartilage: Different types based on flexibility (Location: nose, trachea (hyaline), ear pinna (elastic)), providing support.
      • Hyaline cartilage: Maintains open airways (Location: Trachea)
      • Elastic cartilage: Provides flexibility (Location: Ear pinnae)
      • Fibrocartilage: Strong support between tendons and bones (Location: between tendons and bones)

Muscular Tissue

  • Smooth muscles: (Location: Digestive System; Function: Allow movement)
  • Skeletal muscles: (Location: Skeletal System; Function: Movement)
  • Cardiac muscles: (Location: Heart; Function: Blood Pumping)

Nervous Tissue

  • Location: Nervous system
  • Function: Take nerve impulses

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Related Documents

Types Of Tissues PDF
Respiratory System PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on human tissue types and their functions in this quiz. Questions cover aspects of red blood cells, connective tissues, and epithelial tissues. Perfect for biology students preparing for exams!

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