Biology Chapter on Homeostasis and Tissues

<p>It is found in the lining of blood vessels and alveoli. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protection against abrasion. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endotherms can generate heat internally, while ectotherms rely on external sources (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Muscle tissue (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Negative feedback (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A bird that migrates long distances (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Afferent neurons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transmitting nerve impulses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased susceptibility to disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Feedforward anticipates future changes, while negative feedback responds to current changes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enhancing the speed of nerve impulse conduction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An organism that can switch between maintaining a constant body temperature and allowing its temperature to fluctuate with the environment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Smooth muscle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The presence of calcium ions within the sarcomere, initiating filament interaction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The parallel arrangement of myofibrils within fibers increases the number of sarcomeres, amplifying force potential (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They increase the surface area for the action potential to travel, ensuring efficient conduction within the fiber. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It allows for communication between the motor neuron and the muscle fiber, transmitting the signal for contraction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tendons provide a structural connection between muscle fibers and bone, allowing for force transmission (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Force production is maximized when the muscle fibers are at an intermediate length, allowing for optimal overlap of myofilaments. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ATP is directly involved in the movement of the myosin head along the actin filament, powering the sliding filament mechanism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They act as a safety mechanism, preventing uncontrolled muscle activation in the absence of a neural signal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lens (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They send signals to the brain via afferent neurons. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To maintain equilibrium and balance. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cones (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They bind with food molecules and generate action potentials. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Via vibrations of the eardrum and bones of the middle ear. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rods detect low-intensity light and are crucial for night vision. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sound travels faster in water than in air. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Calcium is stored in bone tissue and is released to maintain calcium homeostasis, which is essential for muscle contraction and nerve impulse transmission. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Smell receptor hairs are derived from microvilli and contain microfilaments, while taste receptor hairs are derived from cilia and contain microtubules. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nociceptors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It enables movement through the contraction and relaxation of muscles in a fluid-filled compartment, resulting in changes in body shape. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A person initially feels a strong smell of perfume, but the intensity of the smell gradually decreases over time. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Electroreceptors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It provides support, protection, and a means for locomotion. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Compact bone tissue is solid and dense, while spongy bone tissue contains open spaces filled with marrow. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Electrical synapses connect cells via gap junctions, while chemical synapses rely on a synaptic cleft. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Calcium ions trigger the fusion of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic membrane, releasing neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A single neurotransmitter can bind to multiple receptor proteins, leading to diverse effects on the postsynaptic cell. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The synaptic cleft acts as a barrier, preventing direct electrical transmission between neurons and allowing for neurotransmitter diffusion. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Allow for integration of multiple presynaptic inputs, leading to complex signal processing. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neurotransmitters bind to receptors on the postsynaptic cell, triggering the opening or closing of ion channels and modulating cellular activity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Summation refers to the process of integrating multiple presynaptic signals at the postsynaptic neuron, determining the overall effect on the postsynaptic cell. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Voltage-gated calcium channels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Regulation of the body's internal environment at stable levels.

Mechanism that returns a variable back to a set point.

Mechanism that moves a variable away from a set point.

An organism that generates heat from internal physiological processes.

An organism that relies on external sources for body heat.

Adjustment of physiology in advance based on anticipated needs.

An organism that maintains a constant body temperature.

An organism whose body temperature varies with the environment.

Processes include reception, integration, transmission, and response.

The site where a neuron communicates with another neuron or effector.

The neuron that sends a signal in a synapse.

The neuron that receives a signal in a synapse.

Uses gap junctions for direct signaling between neurons; rapid current flow.

Involves neurotransmitter release to communicate between neurons through a cleft.

Chemicals that transmit signals from presynaptic to postsynaptic cells.

A neurotransmitter that stimulates skeletal muscle contractions and inhibits cardiac contractions.

Part of the ear containing the malleus, incus, and stapes.

The lens changes shape to focus on distant and near objects.

Photoreceptors specialized for low-intensity light detection.

Photoreceptors specialized for detecting color and different wavelengths of light.

Sensory receptors that provide information about taste and smell.

Structure in the cochlea containing hair cells that detect sound vibrations.

Structures in the inner ear used for balance and orientation.

Electrical signals generated by neurons when stimulated.

Basic structural and functional units of life.

Groups of similar cells that work together for a specific function.

Structures composed of two or more types of tissues that perform specific functions.

Groups of organs working together to perform complex functions.

Layer of cells that covers body surfaces and lines cavities.

Supports, binds, and protects other tissues and organs.

Tissue that contracts to produce movement.

Tissue that transmits signals throughout the body.

Detection of airborne molecules by sensory receptors.

Reduction in response to a constant stimulus over time.

Hair-like extensions from microvilli that detect taste molecules.

Hair-like extensions from cilia that bind environmental molecules for smell.

Receptors that detect damaging stimuli and signal pain to the brain.

Receptors that detect electrical currents and fields.

A skeletal structure supported by fluid pressure within compartments.

Internal skeleton exposed to bodily fluids, providing support and protection.

Framework of bones supporting and protecting the body.

Synapse between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber.

Electrical signal triggering muscle contraction.

Functional unit of muscle fibers made of actin and myosin.

Mechanism explaining muscle contraction through filament sliding.

Release of calcium ions essential for muscle contraction.

Three types: skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle.

Nerve cells that stimulate muscle fibers to contract.