Biology Chapter on Genetics and Plants
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Questions and Answers

What two events during meiosis are primarily responsible for genetic diversity?

  • Independent assortment and crossing over (correct)
  • DNA replication and cell differentiation
  • Cell division and recombination
  • Mitosis and chromosomal segregation

What is the function of leaves in plants?

  • Support and transport nutrients
  • Storage of nutrients and water
  • Conduct photosynthesis and transpiration (correct)
  • Reproduction and seed dispersal

What is the alternation of generations in plants?

  • The production of seeds and fruits
  • A cycle of diploid and haploid stages in the life cycle (correct)
  • The division of meristematic tissue
  • The process of photosynthesis and respiration

Which of the following statements correctly describes the difference between spermatogenesis and oogenesis?

<p>Spermatogenesis is a continuous process, while oogenesis has pauses in development. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are vascular bundles in plants?

<p>Groups of xylem and phloem tissues for transport (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best defines peristalsis?

<p>The contraction and relaxation of muscles to move content through the digestive tract (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the chromosomal composition of a human gametic cell?

<p>23 chromosomes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of isolation mechanism is exemplified by organisms that breed at different times of the year?

<p>Temporal isolation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which genetic disorder is characterized by the presence of an extra chromosome 21?

<p>Down's syndrome (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes an analogous structure?

<p>Structures that serve similar functions but arise from different evolutionary origins. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of disruptive selection?

<p>Intermediate forms of a trait are favored (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Two organisms belong to the same family. What other taxa will they definitely have in common?

<p>Genus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following processes results in the development of a new species due to geographic isolation?

<p>Allopatric speciation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which bacteria become resistant to antibiotics?

<p>Bacteria develop mutations to resist the antibiotics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the sequence of events during inhalation?

<p>Diaphragm contracts, chest cavity expands, air pressure decreases, air rushes in. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of arteries?

<p>Contain valves to prevent backflow (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor that influences breathing rate?

<p>The amount of carbon dioxide in the blood (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the difference between pulmonary and systemic circulation?

<p>Pulmonary circulation carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs, while systemic circulation carries oxygenated blood to the tissues. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Mitosis

The process by which a single parent cell divides into two identical daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

Meiosis

The process by which a germ cell divides twice to produce four haploid gametes (sex cells) with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

Monosomy

A type of mutation where an individual has only one copy of a specific chromosome instead of the usual two.

Trisomy

A type of mutation where an individual has three copies of a specific chromosome instead of the usual two.

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Lamarck's Theory of Evolution

The theory that organisms evolve by inheriting acquired traits, meaning changes in an organism's lifetime are passed on to their offspring.

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Peristalsis

The process by which food is moved through the digestive tract by muscular contractions.

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Alternation of generations

The process by which plants alternate between a haploid (gametophyte) generation and a diploid (sporophyte) generation.

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Vascular bundle

A structure in plants that consists of xylem and phloem, responsible for transporting water and nutrients.

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Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria

The process by which bacteria evolve resistance to antibiotics. It occurs through mutations that allow bacteria to survive and reproduce in the presence of antibiotics, leading to a population of resistant bacteria.

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Allopatric Speciation

A mode of speciation where a new species arises from a geographically isolated population. The isolated population evolves independently, leading to genetic divergence and ultimately reproductive isolation.

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Sympatric Speciation

A mode of speciation where a new species arises within the same geographic location as the original species. This may involve genetic changes like polyploidy or behavioral isolation.

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Sexual Selection

A form of natural selection driven by mate choice. Individuals with desirable traits are more likely to reproduce, leading to a change in the population's traits over time.

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Stabilizing Selection

A form of natural selection where the intermediate phenotype is favored, leading to a decrease in variation.

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Directional Selection

A form of natural selection where one extreme phenotype is favored, causing the population to shift towards that extreme.

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Disruptive Selection

A form of natural selection where both extreme phenotypes are favored, leading to increased variation.

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Co-Evolution

The process by which two or more species evolve in response to each other. This can involve co-adaptation, where changes benefit both species.

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