Biology Chapter on Ecology and Photosynthesis

False (B)

Glucose and oxygen

<p>increase</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Producers = Create energy-rich compounds via photosynthesis Primary Consumers = Herbivores that feed on producers Secondary Consumers = Carnivores or omnivores that feed on primary consumers Tertiary Consumers = Predators at the top of the food chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both organisms benefit. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One organism benefits and the other remains unaffected. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>invasive species</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>exponential</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Biosphere = All living organisms on Earth Atmosphere = Gaseous layer surrounding Earth Hydrosphere = Water bodies on Earth Lithosphere = Earth's crust and landforms</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nitrogen fixation, nitrification, denitrification (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The maximum population size an environment can sustainably support.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It loses electrons and becomes positively charged. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Efficiency (%) = (Useful Energy Output / Total Energy Input) x 100</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Solar = Renewable Coal = Non-Renewable Wind = Renewable Natural Gas = Non-Renewable</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>$0.45 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conductors</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The number of protons plus the number of neutrons. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>negative</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>homogeneous</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Density = Mass / Volume (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>protons, neutrons, and electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The average distance from Earth to the Sun (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>navigation, tracking time, or religious reasons</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>galaxy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Big Bang Theory = Explains the origin of the universe. Solar Nebula Theory = Explains the formation of the solar system. Lunar Eclipse = Occurs when Earth casts a shadow on the Moon. Solar Eclipse = Occurs when the Moon blocks sunlight to Earth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Earth's axial tilt (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Canadarm</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>natural</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inner Planets = Small size and rocky surface Outer Planets = Large size and mostly made of gases</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Abundance of oxygen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>day and night</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>cellular respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plants (A), Bacteria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Producers = Hawks Primary Consumers = Grass Secondary Consumers = Rabbits Tertiary Consumers = Snakes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mutualism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Photosynthesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bioaccumulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>carrying capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Predation = One organism benefits while the other is harmed Commensalism = One organism benefits while the other is unaffected Mutualism = Both organisms benefit from the interaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Introducing non-native species (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eutrophication</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Electrostatic</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>26 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Flammability and reactivity with acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alkali Metals = 1 valence electron, highly reactive Halogens = 7 valence electrons, very reactive Noble Gases = Full outer shell, inert Alkaline Earth Metals = 2 valence electrons, reactive</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Positively charged (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sustainability</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Useful Energy Output</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Copper = Conductor Rubber = Insulator Glass = Insulator Silver = Conductor</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cost = Power (kW) × Time (h) × Rate ($/kWh) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>10Ω</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>natural gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Leaving appliances on when not in use (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Amperes (A) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Static electricity involves charges that do not flow, while current electricity involves a continuous flow of electric charge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>J.J. Thomson</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>John Dalton = Proposed atomic theory J.J. Thomson = Discovered the electron Ernest Rutherford = Discovered the nucleus Niels Bohr = Proposed electron energy levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Time of day (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Atomic number (number of protons)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>neutrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>6 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy stored in glucose.

The process by which organisms break down glucose to produce energy (ATP).

Organisms that create energy-rich compounds via photosynthesis.

Herbivores that feed on producers.

Organisms that feed on primary consumers.

Predators at the top of the food chain.

One organism benefits while the other is harmed.

Both organisms benefit from the interaction.

The maximum population size an environment can support sustainably.

A non-native species that disrupts ecosystems by outcompeting native species.

The process of converting nitrogen between atmospheric, soil, and biological forms.

The build-up of toxins in an organism over time.

The increase in concentration of a toxin as it moves up the food chain.

A list of materials arranged based on their tendency to gain or lose electrons.

Materials at the top of the triboelectric series tend to lose electrons easily and become positively charged when rubbed against materials lower down in the series. They have a lower electron affinity.

Materials at the bottom of the triboelectric series gain electrons easily and become negatively charged when rubbed against materials higher up in the series. They have a higher electron affinity.

The ability of a material to attract and hold electrons.

The rate at which an appliance uses electrical energy. Measured in kilowatts (kW).

The measure of how efficiently an appliance converts electrical energy input into useful output energy. Expressed as a percentage.

The relationship between voltage, current, and resistance in an electrical circuit. V = I * R.

Components in a series circuit experience the same current flowing through them.

Circuits where branches allow current to split, so current is divided across the branches.

The average distance from Earth to the Sun, approximately 149.6 million kilometers.

A region between Mars and Jupiter containing rocky remnants from the early solar system, with Ceres being the largest object.

Patterns of stars in the night sky that ancient cultures used for navigation, tracking time, and religious significance.

When Earth passes between the Sun and Moon, casting a shadow on the Moon making it appear darker.

When the Moon passes between the Sun and Earth, blocking sunlight.

The number of protons in an atom's nucleus. It defines the element's identity.

The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus. It represents the atom's approximate mass.

The difference between the mass number and the atomic number. It represents the number of neutrons in the nucleus.

The tendency of an element to gain, lose, or share electrons to achieve a stable outer shell. It's driven by the desire to have a full outer shell of electrons.

A vertical column on the periodic table. Elements in the same group have similar chemical properties due to the same number of valence electrons.

A horizontal row on the periodic table. Elements in the same period have varying reactivity depending on their distance from completing their outer shell.

Tiny particles that make up all matter. They are constantly in motion, attracted to each other, and unique to each substance.

Characteristics of a substance that can be observed without changing its chemical composition. Examples include color, texture, density, boiling point.

The imaginary line that passes through Earth's North and South poles, around which the Earth rotates.

The tilt of Earth's axis at 23.5 degrees is responsible for the different seasons.

The inner planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars) are rocky, dense, and closer to the Sun.

The outer planets (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune) are gas giants with many moons and rings, located further from the Sun.

Any natural object in space, such as stars, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, and galaxies.

The Earth's complete spin on its axis, taking approximately 24 hours, resulting in day and night.

The Earth's complete journey around the Sun, taking approximately 365.25 days, causing the change of seasons.

It is the space where there are many small, icy bodies that are leftover from the early formation of the solar system.

Photosynthesis is the process used by plants, algae and some bacteria to convert light energy into chemical energy stored in glucose.

Cellular respiration is the process in which organisms break down glucose to produce energy in the form of ATP.

Plants produce glucose and oxygen, which are used as reactants in cellular respiration. Meanwhile, cellular respiration releases carbon dioxide and water, which are used in photosynthesis.

Organisms at the bottom of the food chain that produce their own food through photosynthesis, like plants, algae, and some bacteria.

Organisms that feed on producers, like rabbits and deer.

Organisms that feed on primary consumers, like snakes and foxes, consuming herbivores.

Predators at the top of the food chain with no natural predators, like hawks and lions.

A relationship where one organism benefits while the other is unaffected. For example, barnacles attached to whales get a free ride and access to food.

Rapid population growth under ideal conditions, often shown as a J-shaped curve on a graph.

The movement of phosphorus through rocks, soil, water, and organisms. Unlike other cycles, it does NOT have an atmospheric component.

The exchange of carbon among the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. Key processes include photosynthesis and respiration.

The movement of water through evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and infiltration.

Excess nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) in water cause algal blooms, reducing oxygen levels and harming aquatic life.

Like charges repel each other, while opposite charges attract.

Conductors allow electrons to flow freely, while insulators restrict electron flow.

A measure of the amount of electrical charge flowing through a conductor per unit time. It is the rate of flow of electric charge.

The opposition to the flow of electric current in a material. It is caused by collisions of electrons with atoms within the material.

The difference in electrical potential energy between two points in a circuit. It is the driving force that pushes electric charge through a conductor.

The buildup of electric charge on a surface, often caused by friction. The charge is static, meaning it doesn't flow.

The continuous flow of electric charge through a conductor. Requires a closed circuit for current to flow.

A model of the atom proposed by J.J. Thomson. It suggested electrons were embedded in a positively charged sphere, like plums in a pudding.

A model of the atom proposed by Niels Bohr. It describes electrons orbiting the nucleus in specific energy levels or shells.

A diagram that represents the arrangement of subatomic particles (protons, neutrons, electrons) in an atom. The nucleus contains protons and neutrons, while electrons occupy shells around the nucleus.

A standard format for representing the composition of an atom: Z/AxX. Where Z is the atomic number (number of protons), A is the mass number (protons + neutrons), and X is the element symbol.