Biology Chapter on DNA Structure and Function

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What is the repeating single unit of DNA called?

Gene
Amino acid
Nucleotide (correct)
Monomer

What is the function of the nucleus in a cell?

It stores nutrients and waste products.
It contains the master set of instructions for the cell. (correct)
It transports materials within the cell.
It produces energy for the cell.

Which two nucleotides pair together during complementary base pairing?

Adenine and Cytosine
Cytosine and Thymine
Thymine and Guanine
Adenine and Thymine (correct)

Which base pairs with thymine (T) in DNA?

Adenine (A) (A) Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the process where specific genes are read to make specific proteins?

Cell specialization (C) Signup and view all the answers

What structure is DNA primarily known for?

Double helix (B) Signup and view all the answers

How many chromosomes contain the information to create proteins in human cells?

46 (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following types of cells would likely contain muscle-specific proteins?

Muscle cells (B) Signup and view all the answers

What component of DNA is found in the backbone/sides of the helix?

Phosphate and deoxyribose (C) Signup and view all the answers

How does the sequence of bases in DNA affect an organism?

It directs all cell activities. (C) Signup and view all the answers

How many total chromosomes do most humans have?

46 (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between autosomes and sex chromosomes?

Autosomes make up 22 pairs, while sex chromosomes form the 23rd pair. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What do genes provide the code to produce?

Proteins (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which base pairs complement each other in DNA?

Adenine with Thymine, Cytosine with Guanine (C) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to DNA when a cell is ready for division?

DNA coils tighter to form visible chromosomes. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason DNA makes identical copies of itself?

For growth, reproduction, and repair (B) Signup and view all the answers

What occurs in Step 1 of DNA replication?

DNA strands are unwound (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of DNA replication?

Two identical DNA molecules, half old and half new (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which base pairs with Adenine during DNA replication?

Thymine (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'semi-conservative' in DNA replication?

One parent strand is conserved in each new DNA helix (A) Signup and view all the answers

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)

A molecule that contains the genetic instructions used in the development, functioning and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses.

Nucleus

The central part of a cell that contains the genetic material in the form of DNA.

Nucleotide

A repeating unit in DNA consisting of a deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.